A negative-pressure-driven microfluidic chip for the rapid detection of a bladder cancer biomarker in urine using bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
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| Authors: | Yen-Heng Lin Ying-Ju Chen Chao-Sung Lai Yi-Ting Chen Chien-Lun Chen Jau-Song Yu Yu-Sun Chang |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;2.Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;3.Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;4.Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;5.Chang Gung Bioinformatics Center, Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes an integrated microfluidic chip that is capable of rapidly and quantitatively measuring the concentration of a bladder cancer biomarker, apolipoprotein A1, in urine samples. All of the microfluidic components, including the fluid transport system, the micro-valve, and the micro-mixer, were driven by negative pressure, which simplifies the use of the chip and facilitates commercialization. Magnetic beads were used as a solid support for the primary antibody, which captured apolipoprotein A1 in patients'' urine. Because of the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic beads, the concentration range of the target that could be detected was as high as 2000 ng ml−1. Because this concentration is 100 times higher than that quantifiable using a 96-well plate with the same enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, the dilution of the patient''s urine can be avoided or greatly reduced. The limit of detection was determined to be approximately 10 ng ml−1, which is lower than the cutoff value for diagnosing bladder cancer (11.16 ng ml−1). When the values measured using the microfluidic chip were compared with those measured using conventional ELISA using a 96-well plate for five patients, the deviations were 0.9%, 6.8%, 9.4%, 1.8%, and 5.8%. The entire measurement time is 6-fold faster than that of conventional ELISA. This microfluidic device shows significant potential for point-of-care applications. |
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