| 膝关节损伤对男子篮球运动员完成急停起跳动作中下肢生物力学的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘海涛,李海伟,高维纬.膝关节损伤对男子篮球运动员完成急停起跳动作中下肢生物力学的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(12):62-67. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘海涛 李海伟 高维纬 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京体育大学运动康复系，北京 100084,山西师范大学体育学院，山西 临汾 041000,北京体育大学运动康复系，北京 100084 |
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| 基金项目： | 基金项目：国家级实验教学示范中心建设项目基金支持。通信作者：高维纬。 |
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| 摘 要： | 摘要：目的：通过测试篮球运动员完成急停起跳动作的下肢生物力学指标，探讨膝关节损伤对下肢运动学和动力学的影响。方法：以北京体育大学竞技体育学院102名篮球专项男学生为研究对象，应用Motion Analysis数字影像捕捉分析系统和Kistler三维测力台对受试者完成急停起跳动作的运动学和动力学指标进行采集。结果：地面垂直反作用力首次峰值时刻，与无伤组相比，单侧损伤组健侧髋关节外展角增大（P<0.01）；双侧损伤组髋关节屈角和内旋角及膝关节最大屈曲角均增大（P<0.05，P<0.05，P<0.01）。与单侧损伤组伤侧相比，健侧髋关节最大屈曲角减小（P<0.05）。与单侧损伤组健侧相比，双侧损伤组髋关节最大屈曲角增大（P<0.05）。与无伤组相比，单侧损伤组伤侧和双侧损伤组髋关节内收力矩增大（P<0.05，P<0.05）；双侧损伤组踝关节跖屈力矩减小（P<0.05），内旋力矩增大（P<0.01）。与单侧损伤组伤侧相比，健侧髋关节由内收力矩转变为外展力矩（P<0.05）。与单侧损伤组健侧相比，双侧损伤组踝关节跖屈力矩减小（P<0.05），内旋力矩增大（P<0.05）。单侧损伤组伤侧地面垂直反作用力首次峰值小于无伤组（P<0.05）。结论：膝关节损伤后会出现代偿现象，具体表现为增大损伤腿髋关节内旋角和内收力矩，增大踝关节内旋力矩；增大健康腿髋关节外展角，髋关节由内收力矩转变为外展力矩。膝关节损伤后会减小地面垂直反作用力，增加髋关节和膝关节屈角，减小踝关节跖屈力矩。
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| 关 键 词： | 关键词：篮球运动员 膝关节损伤 下肢生物力学 急停起跳 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/12/2 0:00:00 |
Effects of Knee Injury on Lower Extremity Biomechanics of Male Basketball Athletes During Stop Jumping |
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| LIU Hai-tao,LI Hai-wei and GAO Wei-wei.Effects of Knee Injury on Lower Extremity Biomechanics of Male Basketball Athletes During Stop Jumping[J].Journal of Beijing Sport University,2016,39(12):62-67. |
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| Authors: | LIU Hai-tao LI Hai-wei and GAO Wei-wei |
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| Institution: | Sport Rehabilitation Department, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China,Department of PE, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi China and Sport Rehabilitation Department, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Objective: This study aimed at investigating the effect of knee injury on kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremity of basketball athletes when performing stop jumping tasks. Methods: One hundred and two male college basketball athletes were recruited from Sport Coaching College of Beijing Sports University. The kinematic and kinetic data were collected simultaneously by using 3-D Motion Analysis System and Kistler force plate when participants completed stop-jump tasks. Results: Compared with knee-uninjured group, the hip abduction angle of uninjured side in unilateral knee injured group increased at the moment of the first peak ground reaction force (P < 0.01), and the hip flexion angle, hip internal rotational angle and the peak knee flexion angle in double knee injured group increased (Ps < 0.05). Compared with injured side, the peak hip flexion angle of uninjured side decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with uninjured side of unilateral knee injured group, the peak hip flexion angle of double knee injured group increased (P < 0.05). Compared with knee uninjured group, the hip adduction moment of injured side of unilateral or double knee injured group increased (Ps < 0.05), the ankle plantar flexion moment of double knee injured group decreased (P < 0.05) and internal rotation moment increased (P < 0.01). Compared with injured side of unilateral knee injured group, the adduction moment of hip joint of uninjured side changed to abduction moment (P < 0.05). Compared with uninjured side of unilateral knee injured group, the ankle plantar flexion moment of double knee injured group decreased (P < 0.05) and internal rotation moment increased (P < 0.05). The first peak ground reaction force of unilateral knee injured group was lower than that of knee uninjured group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Compensatory phenomenon would occur after knee injury, the hip internal rotational angle, hip adduction moment and ankle internal rotation moment of injured leg would increase; the hip abduction angle of uninjured leg would increase, and the hip joint of uninjured side would change to abduction moment. After knee injured, the ground reaction force would decrease, the hip and knee flexion angle would increase, and plantar flexion moment would decrease. |
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| Keywords: | Keywords: basketball athletes knee injury lower extremity biomechanics stop jumping |
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