Changes in cytokines,leptin, and IGF-1 levels in overtrained athletes during a prolonged recovery phase: A case-control study |
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| Authors: | Raimo Joro Arja Uusitalo Keith C DeRuisseau |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland;2. HUS Medical Imaging Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;3. Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | We investigated how cytokines are implicated with overtraining syndrome (OTS) in athletes during a prolonged period of recovery. Plasma IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, adipokine leptin, and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations were measured in overtrained (OA: 5 men, 2 women) and healthy control athletes (CA: 5 men, 5 women) before and after exercise to volitional exhaustion. Measurements were conducted at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Inflammatory cytokines did not differ between groups at rest. However, resting leptin concentration was lower in OA than CA at every measurement (P < 0.050) but was not affected by acute exercise. Although IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations increased with exercise in both groups (P < 0.050), pro-inflammatory IL-1β concentration increased only in OA (P < 0.050) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was greater in CA (P < 0.001). In OA, exercise-related IL-6 and TNF-α induction was enhanced during the follow-up (P < 0.050). IGF-1 decreased with exercise in OA (P < 0.050); however, no differences in resting IGF-1 were observed. In conclusion, low leptin level at rest and a pro-inflammatory cytokine response to acute exercise may reflect a chronic maladaptation state in overtrained athletes. In contrast, the accentuation of IL-6 and TNF-α responses to acute exercise seemed to associate with the progression of recovery from overtraining. |
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| Keywords: | Overtraining exercise cytokine recovery |
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