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Teachers' attitudes and self-efficacy on implementing inclusive education in Japan and Finland: A comparative study using multi-group structural equation modelling
Institution:1. Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Education, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (Ruusupuisto), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland;2. Faculty of Education and Psychology, Methodology Centre for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (Ruusupuisto), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland;3. Optentia Research Focus Area, North West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, P.O. Box 1174, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa;1. Centre for University and School Partnership, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;2. The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;3. B4/GF-02, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;4. D1-GF-05, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China;1. Department of Psychological Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;2. Assessment Research Centre, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;3. Graduate School, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;4. Centre for Special Educational Needs and Inclusive Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;1. Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China;2. Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia;3. Heilongjiang Jiamusi Association of People with Disabilities, 101 Baoweiluzhongduan, Yonghong, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154002, China;1. Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia;2. Department of Counselling Psychology and Special Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, 28173, South Korea
Abstract:This study aims to explore relationships between teachers' attitudes, self-efficacy, and background variables regarding inclusive education by using a sample of 359 Japanese and 872 Finnish teachers. A multi-group structural equation modelling was conducted to find similarities and differences in how the background variables predict teachers' attitudes and self-efficacy. Experience in teaching students with disabilities had a positive effect on teachers' attitudes and self-efficacy in both countries. However, teachers' teaching career and the amount of inclusive education training affected them differently in Japan and Finland. The findings could be used to improve inclusive education training for pre- and in-service teachers.
Keywords:Inclusive education  Teachers  Attitudes  Self-efficacy  Multi-group structural equation modelling  Measurement invariance
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