| 农田生态学和长期试验示范引领黑土地保护和农业可持续发展 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 韩晓增,邹文秀,严君,李娜,李艳华,王建国,李禄军.农田生态学和长期试验示范引领黑土地保护和农业可持续发展[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(3):362-370. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 韩晓增 邹文秀 严君 李娜 李艳华 王建国 李禄军 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 海伦农业生态实验站 哈尔滨 150081,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 海伦农业生态实验站 哈尔滨 150081,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 海伦农业生态实验站 哈尔滨 150081,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 海伦农业生态实验站 哈尔滨 150081,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 海伦农业生态实验站 哈尔滨 150081,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 海伦农业生态实验站 哈尔滨 150081,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 海伦农业生态实验站 哈尔滨 150081 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,在保障国家粮食安全中具有"压舱石"的重要作用。但是由于耕地长期高强度利用及用养失衡导致土壤发生退化,东北黑土区的农业可持续发展受到严重制约。在此背景下,1978年原中国科学院黑龙江农业现代化研究所在东北黑土区中部的黑龙江省海伦市建立了中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站。自建站以来,围绕黑土地农田生态系统的结构和功能,建立了一系列的长期定位试验,经过长期对农田生态要素的监测和研究,划分了黑土肥力变化演化的3个时期,提出了区域尺度上的土壤有机质阈值,阐述了不同养分管理模式下的土壤养分演变规律,证实了通过农田作物的合理配置能够利用生态平衡调控有害生物对作物的危害。通过系谱法选育高产优质"东生号"系列大豆新品种10个,并且进行了成果转化和大面积推广应用。通过研发肥沃耕层构建关键技术,创建了东北黑土地保护利用模式,在黑龙江省的十几个产粮大县示范推广。通过基础理论研究—关键技术研发—大面积推广示范,长期试验示范为东北黑土地保护和区域农业可持续发展起到了重要的科技支撑。
|
| 关 键 词： | 长期试验示范 黑土地保护利用 土壤肥力变化 肥沃耕层构建 品种培育 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/3/4 0:00:00 |
Ecology in Agriculture and Long-term Research Guide Protection of Black Soil and Agricultural Sustainable Development in Northeast China |
| |
| HAN Xiaozeng,ZOU Wenxiu,YAN Jun,LI N,LI Yanhu,WANG Jianguo and LI Lujun.Ecology in Agriculture and Long-term Research Guide Protection of Black Soil and Agricultural Sustainable Development in Northeast China[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2019,34(3):362-370. |
| |
| Authors: | HAN Xiaozeng ZOU Wenxiu YAN Jun LI N LI Yanhu WANG Jianguo and LI Lujun |
| |
| Institution: | Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China,Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China,Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China,Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China,Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China,Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China and Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Black soil region in Northeast is one of important commercial food production bases in China, and is irreplaceable for the national food security. However, the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast has been severely constrained by soil degradation caused by long-term intensive and unbalanced use of arable land without protection of it. To solve this problem, original Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) established Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station (Hailun Station), CAS in the central black soil region in Northeast in 1978. Since then, a series of long-term experiments have been set up based on the structure and function of the region. The evolution of soil fertility has been divided into three periods in light of the long-term monitoring and research for key elements in agro-ecosystem. The thresholds of soil organic matter on regional scale were proposed, and the evolution of soil fertility under different management patterns of soil nutrients was expounded, which verified that appropriate arrangement of field crops could regulate and control the impact of pests on crops. 10 high-yield soybean varieties were bred with pedigree method and were applied in Heilongjiang Province. Through the research and development of critical technologies for constructing fertile cultivated soil layer, the protection and utilization patterns of black soil were established, which were demonstrated and extended in more than 10 major grain-producing counties in Heilongjiang Province. Long-term research provides scientific and technological support for the protection of black soil and regional agricultural development through the combination of basic research, critical techniques development and large-scale demonstration. |
| |
| Keywords: | long-term research protection of black soil change of soil fertility constructing fertile cultivated soil layer soybean breed |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《中国科学院院刊》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《中国科学院院刊》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
