| 大学网络能力对产学知识协同创新绩效的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王凯,胡赤弟,陈艾华.大学网络能力对产学知识协同创新绩效的影响[J].科研管理,2019,40(8):166-178. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王凯 胡赤弟 陈艾华 |
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| 作者单位： | 宁波大学教育管理与政策研究中心,浙江宁波,315211;宁波大学教师教育学院,浙江宁波,315211;嘉兴学院商学院,浙江嘉兴,314001 |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省社会科学基金规划项目;教育部人文社会科学研究项目;教育部人文社会科学研究项目;国家自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 有关产学合作与大学技术转移的研究忽视了以“知识双向动态流动”、产学创新能力提升为导向的协同创新模式。本文基于能力和网络的理论视角,分别从20个省级区域抽取科技经费收入前3的大学进行问卷调查,使用结构方程模型检验了网络能力对嵌入性关系与知识协同创新绩效影响机制的研究假设。研究结果表明：大学网络能力对产学嵌入性关系有显著正向影响,但内部交流和大学领导的作用比较有限;嵌入性关系在网络能力与知识协同创新绩效之间发挥着中介作用,构建嵌入性关系是提升知识协同创新绩效的关键途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 网络能力 嵌入性关系 知识协同创新 创新能力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-06-07 |
How universities networking capabilities affect knowledge synergy innovation performance from universities and industry |
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| Wang Kai,Hu Chidi,Chen Aihua.How universities networking capabilities affect knowledge synergy innovation performance from universities and industry[J].Science Research Management,2019,40(8):166-178. |
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| Authors: | Wang Kai Hu Chidi Chen Aihua |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Center for Education Administration and Policy, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China;
2. College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China;
3. School of Business,Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China |
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| Abstract: | Under the influence of the traditional idea of "knowledge production function", the current policy discussion and theoretical research on university technology transfer and industry-university cooperation mainly focus on the commercialization model of scientific and technological achievements, such as contract research and patent authorization, which are easy to measure and have dominant economic indicators. In fact, knowledge innovation is an iterative, evolutionary and nonlinear process with full of trial and error and gradual improvement. If the public policies of one country focus only on the commercial application of scientific knowledge, the country hardly benefit from scientific progress in the end. Especially from the current situation of the development of China, when the absorptive capacity and innovation ability of many enterprises are relatively weak and universities transfer their technology to enterprises in one way, the problem of "failure" of technology transfer will be come out. Therefore, as an important part of the innovation ecosystem, universities should consider how to promote the innovation ability of enterprises, and should pay more attention to "knowledge synergy innovation", which carry on interactive learning and knowledge innovation in the way of two-way dynamic flow of knowledge, such as cooperative research, professional consultation, communication and exchange. The concept of "knowledge synergy innovation" integrates the ideas of "knowledge innovation" and "collaborative innovation", and breaks through the linear model of industrialization of university scientific research achievements motivated by external goals such as production and transfer of knowledge. In brief, this concept emphasizes the parallel mode and network mode based on knowledge coordination, which is especially beneficial to the coordinated development of the innovation ability of production and learning. In addition, according to the social network theory, the performance of individuals and organizations using external knowledge for innovation depends on their external social structure. Social relations and social networks have an important impact on the efficiency of knowledge creation by affecting their abilityof acquiring knowledge, transferring knowledge, absorbing knowledge and applying knowledge. In fact, embedding as an interactive logic provides an intermediate mechanism for network participants obtaining resources and social capital. A large number of studies have shown that relational embeddedness facilitates the exchange and communication of partners and motivates them to share and develop expertise. The research on relational embeddedness are mainly carried out from two views: one is the influence of relational embeddedness strength on organizational innovation performance, and the other is the influence of different types of relational embeddedness (embedded ties) on organizational innovation performance, which is especially suitable for studying the influence mechanism of inter-organizational relationship on cooperative innovation performance. However, most of available research mainly pay attention to the value and impact of social networks and embedded relationships, and usually ignore the influence of organizational characteristics and related capabilities on embedded ties. Although Hakansson(1987) has put forward the concept of networking capabilities earlier, the related research on the elements of networking capabilities and its impact on innovation performance of organizations (especially academic organizations) is still in the tentative exploration stage. Based on the above analysis, it can be known that current research is urgently needed to explore the determinants and consequences of university-industry embedded ties. So this paper draw ideas form the social network theory, the embedded ties theory and the research results of industry-university cooperation and collaborative innovation, and raise two research questions in this paper as follows: (1) how does network embedded ties impact knowledge synergy innovation performance; (2) how does networking capabilities of university impact knowledge network embedded ties. Accordingly, in view of the theoretical logic of ″networking capabilities of university--embedded ties--knowledge synergy innovation performance″ constructed for the co-evolution of university and industry, we put forward the research hypothesis of the influence mechanism of university network capability and industry-university embedded ties on the performance of industry-university knowledge collaborative innovation form the theoretical perspective of ability and network. We test the research hypothesis by empirical analysis, such as collecting data by questionnaire survey, and analyzing data by structural equation modeling (SEM). According to the theory and SEM demonstration conclusion, the verification results of the above research hypothesis are as follows: (1) the networking capabilities of university have a significant positive impact on the embedded ties between industry and university, but the role of internal communication and leadership in university are relatively limited; (2) the embedded ties between industry and university has a significant positive impact on the performance of knowledge synergy innovation, and the development of embedded ties is the critical path to improve the performance of knowledge synergy innovation. At last,based on the research conclusion, relevant suggestions and implications are proposed for improving the networking capabilities of universities and develop the embedded ties between industry and university. First, university should build an open culture of innovation and carry out a variety of formal and informal activities for stimulating the dynamical system of internal communication and the construction of collaborative innovation network. Second, university should optimize the discipline distribution according to their regional industrial structure and innovation-driven development strategy, For example, university should speed up the adjustment of discipline distribution, and vigorously develop cutting-edge and cross-disciplines and emerging disciplines, on the basis of the major strategic needs of regional industrial development, especially the development of strategic emerging industries. Third, university should improve the supporting policies of technology transfer and industry-university cooperation, and motivate teachers to carry out knowledge synergy innovation by spanning the organizational boundary. Fourth, the leaders of university should play an appropriate role of coordination and communication between university and industry, and avoid directly designating or interfering with the construction of industry-university synergy innovation projects.In theory, this research further clarifies the key elements and management mechanism of promoting knowledge innovation and collaborative innovation, which enrich and develop the theory of social network, the theory of embedded relationship and the theory of collaborative innovation between industry and university. In addition, from a practical perspective, the research results will also be helpful to promote the synergetic development of the innovation capabilities of industry and university, and solve the "isolated island" in scientific and technological innovation. |
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