| 清洁技术研发选择及其演化规律研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 邹乐乐,吴怡,陈佩佩.清洁技术研发选择及其演化规律研究[J].科研管理,2019,40(6):100-110. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邹乐乐 吴怡 陈佩佩 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京,100190;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京 100190;中国科学院大学,北京100049 |
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| 摘 要： | 清洁技术的研发与创新是实现全球气候变化减缓目标和全球减排进展的可靠保障。探究研发主体对清洁技术的研发选择,总结其演化规律,对于清洁技术的发展判断和研发战略具有重要意义。本文基于世界知识产权组织(WIPO)所发布《绿色专利清单》与2009—2014年世界发明专利数据的匹配数据构建基于时序的清洁技术研发网络,采用网络分析方法和最小生成树算法对清洁技术研发网络的结构特征、重要技术节点以及关键技术路径进行分析。研究结果表明:清洁技术研发网络的规模不断扩大、技术间联系不断加深,且不同技术小类间存在内生的技术联系;清洁技术研发的重心集中于电力、新能源车辆、节能电气器件和循环回收等领域,以"中介"能力较强的新能源车辆技术研发为核心的关键技术路径已在世界范围内形成;关键技术的迭代主要表现为从新能源车辆研发向循环回收和其他另类能源利用技术过渡的过程。
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| 关 键 词： | 清洁技术 专利网络 研发选择 演进规律 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-03-25 |
A research on the selective R&D and evolutionary patterns of clean technologies |
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| Zou Lele,Wu Yi,Chen Peipei.A research on the selective R&D and evolutionary patterns of clean technologies[J].Science Research Management,2019,40(6):100-110. |
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| Authors: | Zou Lele Wu Yi Chen Peipei |
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| Institution: | 1. Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Development and innovation of clean technologies have been an important proven reliability of realizing the global goal for mitigation of climate change and progress of emission reduction. Both IPCC Fifth Assessment Synthesis Report and IPCC Fourth Assessment Synthesis Report highlighted the importance of innovation of mitigation technologies for coping with the climate change issues and provided categories and guides for a collection of mitigation technologies as well. The guided technologies covered a wide range of industries from producer side to consumer side. More and more countries in the world engage in promoting and accelerating the innovation of mitigation technologies especially China, which is the biggest emitter of exhaust fumes and this also goes to the list of responsibilities which countries and regions should shoulder to cope with the international issue of climate change. However, special attentions should also be paid to precisely targeted technologies when promoting the overall innovation of mitigation technologies, which basically relies on a comprehensive summary on innovation choices and preferences. It is of great significance for the development trends and R&D strategy of clean technology to explore the R&D choice of the agents and summarize its evolution rule. Meanwhile, more and more scholar are increasingly interested in studying the evolution of innovations of mitigation technologies worldwide. These researches have offered some insights how mitigation technologies emerge and the potential relations between different technologies. This study utilizes a data set of patent samples matched by the Green Patent Inventory and world invention patents data from 2009 to 2014, covering data tags of application number, issue number, title, abstract, classification number, applicant, inventor etc. The Green Patent Inventory also includes seven major categories of green technologies with 1138 sub-categories, which can provide a manifest list of either mitigation technologies or adaptation technologies by matching with the patent data. Based on the data set, this study builds the clean technology innovation network depending on the sequential relations among patents. On contrary to the existing literature, the model is extended to not only include the citation connection but also the evolutionary and temporal pattern. By taking the time when applicants of each patent applied for patents into consideration, the evolutionary pattern reveals the facts that how innovation of mitigation technologies shift along the technological chain vertically and how technologies in different disciplines interact with each other horizontally. From the perspective of network analyses and minimum spanning tree algorithm, this study analyzes the structural features, important vertices of technologies and critical technical path in the network and presents both of the marco- and micro-observations. Hence, the results show that, firstly the size of the network has been enlarged with a fast emergence of new technologies in the sub-categories from 2009 to 2014. The network also presents a manifest characteristic of "Small World" where technological connections are strengthened and paths between different technologies are increasingly shortened as relations between different technologies are mostly endogenous.In addition, The focus of innovation on clean-tech is all about electrical, new energy automobile, energy-economic electric equipment and recycling fields, and hence a critical technical path with respect to new energy automobile which is a bridge point, is formed worldwide. The iterations of critical technologies display the progress where innovations swift from new energy automobile to recycling and as well as utilization technology of alternative energy. It is also worth noting that, innovations in processing of solid wastes and exhaust fumes have been gaining more importance recently. This combines well with the previous innovations of new energy and electrical devices which also consolidates the backend of processing the potential wastes generated by the new devices or new industries.Thirdly, according to the findings of minimum spanning tree analysis, less and less abundance can be observed in the connections of the network and the ties between critical technologies are close and effective. Even among various distinct technological paths, there exists similarities. It’s also surprising to observe the endogenous technological connections either in the forward or in the backward direction of critical technological chains which are the industrial connections to some extent among different products, can be inferred by adjacent technological nodes.The study findings also have three major implications for the innovation of mitigation technologies. One of the most important implications is that a global cooperation network for mitigation technologies should be established as the rapid development of carbon abatement worldwide. On the one hand, a list of target technologies covering the industries of energy, electricity, transportation, recycling should be made to widen the range of innovations. On the other hand, increase the depth of innovation and forge the new critical technological chains endogenously such as new energy automobile and recycling industries which have marketization potentials and outstanding carbon abatement abilities. Secondly, it’s important to utilize the impact of critical technological nodes in the network and thereafter promote the adjacent technologies of them. Based on this, divergent critical technological paths gradually evolve and converge, cultivating a fast development both of backward and forward technologies along the industry chain. More guidance and leading research projects are needed to build up a sustainable and comprehensive system of incentives which should be rooted both in universities and firms. Meanwhile, means of privileges or subsidies should also be given to the firms as emerging mitigation technologies can be expensive at the early stages. For instance, firms with certificate of advanced technology, should have priorities to adopt mitigation technologies or fast access to the state-of-the-art technologies with favorable policy instruments and tangible incentives to lead the trend across the whole industry.Lastly, countries and regions with different endowments and comparative competitiveness should set up their own innovation targets of mitigation technologies accordingly. Mechanism of induced innovation as well as national major research and development plan should be scheduled and in accord with them, relevant investment plan of mitigation technologies led by the government or firms should also be accelerated. These methods would help promote innovation of the critical technologies and explore the paths of mitigation technologies which fit in the goal of carbon abatement accordingly. |
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