| 新型城镇化对扶贫开发的影响与应对研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 龙花楼,屠爽爽,戈大专.新型城镇化对扶贫开发的影响与应对研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):309-319. |
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| 作者姓名： | 龙花楼 屠爽爽 戈大专 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 北京 100049,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41171149、41130748) |
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| 摘 要： | 新型城镇化、贫困地区的减贫与发展关系到我国全面建设小康社会的大局,如何有效对接新型城镇化和扶贫开发两大国家重大战略体系是地理学和区域可持续发展领域亟待深入研究的重要前沿课题。文章基于要素流动的视角,分析阐述了城镇化对贫困地区经济社会发展的影响;结合传统城镇化发展道路对贫困地区自我发展水平和持续发展能力可能带来的负面影响,尝试探讨新型城镇化助推扶贫开发的影响路径。在此基础上,研究提出新型城镇化背景下扶贫开发的政策建议和制度优化路径,以期为推动贫困地区实现"新型城镇化"和"扶贫开发"双轮驱动、促进城乡区域协调发展的实践提供参考依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 新型城镇化 扶贫开发 城乡发展一体化 空间优化 贫困地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/2/29 0:00:00 |
Effects of New-type Urbanization on Poverty Alleviation and Development and Corresponding Countermeasures |
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| Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang and Ge Dazhuan.Effects of New-type Urbanization on Poverty Alleviation and Development and Corresponding Countermeasures[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016,31(3):309-319. |
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| Authors: | Long Hualou Tu Shuangshuang and Ge Dazhuan |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | By the end of 2014, there are still 14 contiguous poverty-stricken areas, 592 national poverty counties, 128 thousand impoverished villages, 29.49 million poor families, and 70.17 million rural poor population in China.Usually, most contiguous poverty-stricken areas lie in revolutionary base areas, minority areas, remote and border areas with bad physical conditions and weak socio-economic foundation, which determines that the task of poverty reduction is arduous in these areas.Urbanization is an objective process of socio-economic development.Affected by the factors such as physical conditions, economic development foundation, allocation of production elements, and the national and regional policy guidance, urbanization in different areas and at different stages has diversified influences on regional economic growth, social development, and the improvement of ecological environment.Recently, with the rapid advance of urbanization, the negative effects of urban-rural and inter-regional development gap are increasingly obvious and have attracted more attention.Accordingly, the strategy of newtype urbanization was put forward during the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in November 2012, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council of China jointly issued "The National Plan of New-type Urbanization(2014-2020)" in March 2014.At present, new-type urbanization and poverty alleviation and development are important strategies in China concerning the overall situation of building a well-off society in all-round way.How to deal with the relationships between new-type urbanization and poverty alleviation and development is one of the most significant topics in the field of geography and regional sustainable development, which is an urgent need to be studied further.Under the background of urbanization, with the population and land as the core, the diversified interaction and subsequent marginalization of the material and non-material elements in poor areas of China have generated considerable changes in the aspects of rural industrial structure, employment structure, consumption structure, land-use structure, and social organization structure.Furthermore, the diversified interaction and marginalization have brought about some problems in part of the poor areas, e.g., the flow away of young laborers, the weakening of rural development main body, the abandonment of rural land, and the shortage of public infrastructure, while the changes in the internal allocation of production elements will further produce adverse effects on regional market capacity of economic development.From the view of the flow of production elements, this paper firstly elaborates the effects of urbanization on the socio-economic development in poor areas.Then, combining with the negative impacts of traditional urbanization on local self-development level and sustainable development ability, it probes the influential paths that new-type urbanization promotes poverty alleviation and development, e.g., settling down the former agricultural population who have migrated to the cities in orderly way, restructuring the spatial layout of "city-town-village" to provide spatial platform for local industrial development and public infrastructure configuration, fostering open and thriving industrial system to provide the dynamic support for enhancing the motive power of endogenous development, and promoting urban-rural integration development to provide fundamental guarantee for the equal exchanges of urban-rural development elements and the balanced allocation of public resources.However, the effective implementation of new-type urbanization and the smooth advance of poverty alleviation and development are directly or indirectly related to a series of resources allocation system and macro policy environment concerning household registration, land use, finance, planning, etc.Finally, in order to provide references for coordinating urban and rural development via the "double-wheel driving" of new-type urbanization and poverty alleviation and development, this paper proposes policy suggestions and institute optimization paths, e.g., improving the related systems and policies of transforming agricultural population to urban citizen, pushing forward the reform of rural land property rights system, innovating the methods of financial service in poor areas, advancing related policy and technical system of rural restructuring planning, and establishing the ecological compensation mechanism. |
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| Keywords: | new-type urbanization poverty alleviation and development urban-rural integration development spatial optimization poor areas |
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