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A comparison of the perceptions of Love, Anger, and Guilt in Portugal and the United States and implications for counseling
Authors:Rui Paixo  Rui Arago Oliveira  Richard C Page  Chinw J Uwah  Jodi L Carlton
Institution:a Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal;b Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicata, Lisbon, Portugal;c University of Georgia, Department of Counseling and Human Development Services, Athens GA, USA;d Department of Counseling and Human Development Services, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
Abstract:This study compared the ways that graduate and undergraduate counseling and psychology students from Portugal and the United States evaluated the feelings of Love, Anger and Guilt. Utilizing a semantic differential, a multivariate analysis of variance was employed in which the independent variables were Country and Gender and the dependent variables were the evaluative and potency scales of Love, Anger and Guilt. There was no significant main effect for gender and there was no significant interaction effect for gender by country. There was a significant main effect for country. It was found that students from the United States evaluated Anger more positively than the Portuguese students and that the Portuguese students evaluated Guilt more positively than the United States students. These findings have implications that are relevant to the counseling process.
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