| 论隐喻建构的基础 |
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| 引用本文： | 延俊荣,戴建东.论隐喻建构的基础[J].山西师大学报,2005,32(2):136-139. |
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| 作者姓名： | 延俊荣 戴建东 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京师范大学文学院 南京210097
(延俊荣)，太原师范学院外语系 太原030012(戴建东) |
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| 基金项目： | 中国博士后科学基金资助项目“现代汉语手部动词语义属性研究”(20040350672)，南京师范大学 211工程建设项目“语义网络工程”(1240702504)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 隐喻研究可追溯到亚里士多德时代,但一直被认为是一种美学追求。1980年代《我们赖以生存的隐喻》的出版使隐喻再度被重视,成为认知语言学的奠基石。当前,隐喻研究多涉及隐喻的分类、特点及应用,但较少涉及隐喻建构的基础。本文从人类认知、心理和语言符号等角度探讨了隐喻存在和建构的基础。认为人类认知的原型性和“以其所知谕其所不知”的特点是隐喻存在的认知基础。客观世界的多样性为隐喻的存在提供了物质基础,而对图像的突显是隐喻存在的心理基础,即多样性客体的不同侧面,在一定语境的制约下被透视而成为图像。语言符号的能指和所指的错位,即语言符号的能指指称一般的、抽象的、概括的类概念,而所指所指称的却是个别的、具体的例,使隐喻成为语言的常态。
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| 关 键 词： | 隐喻 透视 图像 建构 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-5957(2005)02-0136-04 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年11月12 |
On the Reconstruction Foundation of Metaphor |
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| YAN Jun-rong,DAI Jian-dong.On the Reconstruction Foundation of Metaphor[J].Journal of Shanxi Teachers University,2005,32(2):136-139. |
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| Authors: | YAN Jun-rong DAI Jian-dong |
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| Abstract: | Researches on metaphor can be traced back to Aristotle, and generally speaking is regarded as a means of aesthetics. Lakoff and John's Metaphors we live by arouse a new trend of metaphor study and motivates the foundation of cognitive linguistics, which takes metaphor as a normal form of daily language and our thought in essence is metaphorical. But the contemporary study pays more attention to the classifications and characteristics and its application of metaphor while the reasons of metaphor's existence and its reconstructive mechanism is little concerned. This paper take cognitive, metal and language as the perspectives to make an exploration of it. The conclusion is drawn as follows. Metaphor is originated from the proto-typicality of human cognition and the mapping from the known to the unknown. The variety and multi-dimensionality of the world serves as its physical foundation, while the perspective of multi-dimensional entity is its mental foundation. The result is the production of different kinds of metaphorical expressions which are systematic, among which, the dimension in perspective acts as a figure and the others act as the ground. Its linguistic foundation is the mismatch of signifier and signified of the symbols. That means the signifier signifies the abstract and general class concept while the signified is concrete and individual token. Thus, metaphor is daily rather than poetic or figurative language. |
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| Keywords: | metaphor perspective figure reconstruction |
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