| 日本琵琶湖的保护管理模式及对江苏省湖泊保护管理的启示 |
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| 引用本文： | 张兴奇,秋吉康弘,黄贤金.日本琵琶湖的保护管理模式及对江苏省湖泊保护管理的启示[J].资源科学,2006,28(6):39-45. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张兴奇 秋吉康弘 黄贤金 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京大学城市与资源学系,南京,210093
2. 日本宫崎大学农学部,日本,889-2192 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金;南京大学校科研和教改项目;江苏省水利厅招标项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 日本的琵琶湖在经历了日本高度经济增长期片面的水资源开发利用阶段后，已转向了开发利用与保护相结合的阶段，其长远目标是通过琵琶湖的长期性战略规划的实施，使琵琶湖的水质恢复到日本高度经济增长期以前的水平、琵琶湖的生态得到修复。本文在论述日本琵琶湖的特殊性与重要性、琵琶湖面临的问题的基础上，介绍了琵琶湖保护管理的组织结构、管理体系；分析了琵琶湖以流域为单元、政府主导与全民参与的湖泊保护管理模式。在借鉴琵琶湖保护管理经验的基础上，提出了江苏省湖泊的保护管理模式及相应的建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 湖泊 日本琵琶湖 保护管理 流域 江苏省 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-7588（2006）06-0039-07 |
| 收稿时间： | 2006-01-12 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-05-12 |
The Protection and Management Pattern of Lake Biwa in Japan and Relevant Suggestions for Jiangsu Province |
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| ZHANG Xing-qi,AKIYOSHI Yasuhiro and HUANG Xian-jin.The Protection and Management Pattern of Lake Biwa in Japan and Relevant Suggestions for Jiangsu Province[J].Resources Science,2006,28(6):39-45. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Xing-qi AKIYOSHI Yasuhiro and HUANG Xian-jin |
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| Abstract: | Lakes have characteristics of long retention time and complex dynamics,and have multiple values and services such as water supply,flood prevention,shipping,breed aquatics,sightseeing etc,The characteristics and multiple values of the lakes make them easily be polluted and destroyed under the influence of human activities,but it is difficult to restore,protect and manage them.After experiencing one-sided water resources development and utilization stage during the rapid development period of Japan's economy,it has been changed to the stage of combining development and utilization with protection of Lake Biwa in Japan,and its long-range objective is to let the water quality of Lake Biwa be restored to the level of before rapid development period of Japan's economy and ecological restoration be obtained through carrying out long-term strategic planning of Lake Biwa.Jiangsu province is in the rapid development period of economy and society,and the lakes there have been developed and utilized intensely,but the protection and management of the lakes are far behind the requirements,lakes are facing serious problems of eutrophication,areal decreasing,ecological and environmental deterioration etc,the current circumstance of the lakes in Jiangsu is similar to those facing the Lake Biwa during rapid development period of Japan's economy. Therefore,it is meaningful to learn the experience and lessons of Lake Biwa's protection and management for strengthening the protection and management of lakes in Jiangsu Province.The problems facing the Lake Biwa include hydrologic circle's change resulting from land use and land cover change,aquatic environmental pollution and poor water quality,ecological and environmental deterioration;the basic idea of Lake Biwa's integrated management is to give next generations an environmentally sound Lake Biwa,and its basic policy of integrated management are public awareness of Lake Biwa,coexistence with Lake Biwa and sharing Lake Biwa with next generations.Based on discussing the particularity and importance,the problems facing the Lake Biwa and the changing protection and management approaches,the protection and management organizational structure and the management system of Lake Biwa are introduced;the management system mainly consists of legal support system, scientific research and technical development,financial policy,the construction of basic infrastructure,information sharing and the wide-range intercommunion.Then the protection and integrated management pattern of Lake Biwa,which considering the whole Lake Biwa basin as an entire unit,relying on government's guiding roles and the public's participation is analyzed.By using Lake Biwa's experiences of protection and management as reference,lakes' management pattern and some related suggestions are put forward for the protection and management of the lakes in Jiangsu Province.The related suggestions are to understand fully the relations between the lakes and their basin,to play the government's leading role energetically and to strive for the public's widespread participation. |
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| Keywords: | Lake Lake Biwa in Japan Protection and management Basin Jiangsu Province |
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