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Development of a Virtual Three-Dimensional Assessment Scenario for Anatomical Education |
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| Authors: | Katerina Bogomolova Amir H Sam Adam T Misky Chinmay M Gupte Paul H Strutton Thomas J Hurkxkens Beerend P Hierck |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands;2. Medical Education Research Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (lead), Resources (lead), Software (supporting), Supervision (lead), Validation (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);3. St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (lead), Resources (lead), Validation (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);4. Medical Education Research Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Resources (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Writing - original draft (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting);5. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Writing - original draft (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting);6. Digital Learning Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (supporting), Project administration (supporting), Resources (equal), Software (lead), Supervision (supporting), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting);7. Center for Innovation of Medical Education, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Leiden Teachers' Academy, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting), Supervision (lead), Validation (supporting), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting) |
| Abstract: | In anatomical education three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology allows for active and stereoscopic exploration of anatomy and can easily be adopted into medical curricula along with traditional 3D teaching methods. However, most often knowledge is still assessed with two-dimensional (2D) paper-and-pencil tests. To address the growing misalignment between learning and assessment, this viewpoint commentary highlights the development of a virtual 3D assessment scenario and perspectives from students and teachers on the use of this assessment tool: a 10-minute session of anatomical knowledge assessment with real-time interaction between assessor and examinee, both wearing a HoloLens and sharing the same stereoscopic 3D augmented reality model. Additionally, recommendations for future directions, including implementation, validation, logistic challenges, and cost-effectiveness, are provided. Continued collaboration between developers, researchers, teachers, and students is critical to advancing these processes. |
| Keywords: | gross anatomy education undergraduate education stereoscopic three-dimensional visualization technology formative assessment summative assessment augmented reality virtual reality |