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Implicit aspects of paper and pencil mathematics assessment that come to light through the use of the computer
Authors:John Threlfall  Peter Pool  Matthew Homer and Bronwen Swinnerton
Institution:(1) Assessment and Evaluation Unit, School of Education, University of Leeds, 11-14 Blenheim Terrace, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9HX, UK
Abstract:This article explores the effect on assessment of ‘translating’ paper and pencil test items into their computer equivalents. Computer versions of a set of mathematics questions derived from the paper-based end of key stage 2 and 3 assessments in England were administered to age appropriate pupil samples, and the outcomes compared. Although in most cases the change to the different medium seems to make little difference, for some items the affordances of the computer profoundly affect how the question is attempted, and therefore what is being assessed when the item is used in a test. These differences are considered in terms of validity and legitimacy, that is whether the means used to answer a question in a particular medium are appropriate to the assessment intention. The conclusion is not only that translating paper and pencil items into the computer format sometimes undermines their validity as assessments, it is also that some paper and pencil items are less valid as assessments than their computer equivalents would be.
Keywords:Assessment  Computer-based  Key stage tests  Mathematics assessment  Paper and pencil  Validity
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