| 快速城镇化进程中不同类型农户弃耕特点及原因——基于重庆市十区县540 户农户调查 |
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| 引用本文： | 张佰林,杨庆媛,严燕,薛梅,苏康传,臧波.快速城镇化进程中不同类型农户弃耕特点及原因——基于重庆市十区县540 户农户调查[J].资源科学,2011,33(11):2047-2054. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张佰林 杨庆媛 严燕 薛梅 苏康传 臧波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西南大学地理科学学院,重庆,400715
2. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司青海油田分公司采油一厂,茫崖,816400 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部人文社会科学研究项目(编号：07JA630024)；重庆市科委软科学重点项目(编号：CSTC,2010CE0014）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 运用参与式农村评估法、Logistic分析法，基于农户兼业活动探讨不同类型农户弃耕特点及原因，为破解生态脆弱的贫困地区农地资源低效利用问题提供参考。结果表明：①重庆市农户兼业普遍，根据非农收入比重、劳动力配置状况和生计策略，将农户划分为纯农户、I兼农户和II兼农户；②农户耕地转出行为普遍，无偿转出比重偏高。II兼农户弃耕及有偿转出比重均最高，与I兼衣户相比，纯农户耕地转出的户数多，但转出面积少且多为无偿转出；旱地撂荒较水田普遍，撂荒的多为地块破碎、耕作条件差的地块；③由于家庭成员年龄偏老、劳动能力偏弱等的局限，纯农户会放弃对区位偏远、零星分散地块的耕种；I兼农户更关注土地经济收益，将资本投入到耕作条件好的地块；II兼农户主要基于收益最大化原则，倾向于将要素投入到非农产业，有偿转出耕地。研究认为，根据不同类型农户弃耕特点及原因制定相应政策措施来引导其土地利用行为，是整合区域土地资源、提高农地利用效率的有效途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 弃耕 土地转出 撂荒 城乡统筹 重庆市 |
| 收稿时间： | 6/7/2011 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 9/1/2011 12:00:00 AM |
Characteristics and Reasons of Different Households'Farming Abandonment Behavior in the Process of Rapid Urbanization Based on a Survey from 540 Households in 10 Counties of Chongqing Municipality |
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| ZHANG Bailin,YANG Qingyuan,YAN Yan,XUE Mei,SU Kangchuan and ZANG Bo.Characteristics and Reasons of Different Households'Farming Abandonment Behavior in the Process of Rapid Urbanization Based on a Survey from 540 Households in 10 Counties of Chongqing Municipality[J].Resources Science,2011,33(11):2047-2054. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Bailin YANG Qingyuan YAN Yan XUE Mei SU Kangchuan and ZANG Bo |
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| Institution: | College of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;College of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;College of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;No.1 Oil Producing Plant of Qinghai Oilfield Company of Petrochina, Mangya 816400, China;College of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;College of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper was to explore characteristics and decision-making factors of different households' farming abandonment behavior according to households' concurrent business activities, and to provide reference for resolving problems related to low farmland utilization in the areas of poverty and fragile ecosystems. This study was based on a survey from 540 households in 10 counties of Chongqing Municipality. Peri-urban areas, outer suburbs, and mountain areas were selected. Methods of participatory rural appraisal and logistic analysis were employed. Results indicated that 1) According to the off-farm income ratio, workforce distribution, and means of livelihood, rural households could be classified into full-farm, type I, and type II households. The concurrent business level of rural households was high in Chongqing, with off-farm income being the most important characteristic in households'economic activities; 2) Households'farmland transfer is prevalent in Chongqing, but most of it is non-profitable. On average, type II households share the highest level in both farm abandonment and profitable transfer. Compared with type I households, full-households are more likely to transfer the farmland, with smaller size and non-profitably mostly. Dry land is more likely to be left uncultivated than paddy field. Most of the uncultivated are those that are fragmentary or poor conditioned; 3) Main reasons of different households'farming abandonment are as below. In general, many full-farm households are at old age and lack of workforce. Under this condition, they may give up farming far and fragmentary lands. Agricultural income and farming benefit are important for type I households. So they tend to be more concerned about the economic benefit of land, and invest in land under good conditions. In contrast, type II households focus primarily on maximization of interests, tending to invest in non-agricultural industries and make profits from farmland transfer. It is concluded that guiding the land utilization behavior by establishing relevant policy and project measures and accounting for the characteristics and reasons of different households'farming abandonment behavior are greatly helpful in integrating regional land resources with utilization rate growth. Full-farm households are vulnerable groups in rural regions. The government should guarantee their livelihood security. The economic benefit of land is vital for type I households. Enhancing their livelihood capacity, especially their farming capacity, is therefore an important task for the government. The reform of the household registration system should take type II households as the main group. The government should guarantee an orderly transfer of type II households and efficient use of abandoned farming land. |
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| Keywords: | Farming abandonment Farmland transfer Leaving uncultivated Urban-rural consolidated development Chongqing |
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