| 西部地区畜禽养殖污染负荷与资源化路径研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李飞,董锁成.西部地区畜禽养殖污染负荷与资源化路径研究[J].资源科学,2011,33(11):2204-2211. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李飞 董锁成 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目：“中国北方及其毗邻地区综合科学考察”；中国科学院西部行动计划项目、中国气象局气候变化研究专项：“中国气候与环境演变：2012”；国家发展改革委项目：“‘兰西格'经济区规划”。 |
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| 摘 要： | 步入21世纪以来，农业污染问题日益突出，正逐渐成为我国最为重大的环境问题之一，其中西部地区的畜禽养殖污染尤为严重。在此首先对西部地区畜禽养殖粪、尿及其氮、磷污染物和畜禽粪污土地承载负荷进行估算，发现各个地区的畜禽养殖粪污排放量均较大且有不断增长的态势，平均农用地畜禽粪便承载负荷已高达16．4t／hm2。其次，对畜禽养殖污染与经济增长之间的关系进行实证检验，畜禽养殖氮、磷污染与人均地区生产总值变量之间呈现出显著的倒u型环境库兹涅茨曲线关系，曲线转折点应该在人均地区生产总值（2．2—2．5）万元队。除内蒙古外，西部地区其他省市基本处于倒U形EKC左侧，畜禽养殖污染形势非常严峻。今后西部地区应大力实施生态农业工程技术，发展生态型循环农业。大力发展沼气工程无疑是畜禽养殖粪尿资源化的重要手段。
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| 关 键 词： | 畜禽养殖污染 资源化 生态农业 西部地区 |
Pollution from Livestock and Poultry and Its Resource Strategy in West China |
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| LI Fei and DONG Suocheng.Pollution from Livestock and Poultry and Its Resource Strategy in West China[J].Resources Science,2011,33(11):2204-2211. |
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| Authors: | LI Fei and DONG Suocheng |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | Agricultural environment pollution is becoming increasingly prominent in China, especially pollution from livestock and poultry in West China. Since the reform and opening up policy, livestock and poultry industry has been developing rapidly. In the meantime, production of livestock and poultry manure has been increasing consistently, reaching 1385×106 tons in 2008, 2.5 times of industrial solid wastes. However, most of the livestock and poultry manure is discharged directly without innocuous treatment. A large amount of manure has been one of the main pollutants to water, threatening the health of soil and the atmosphere. First, production of livestock and poultry manure and their nitrogenous and phosphorus emissions in West China were estimated, both showing continuously increasing trends. Second, the load of cultivated soil for livestock and poultry manure was estimated. The average load of cultivated land for livestock and poultry manure was 16.4 t/ha in 2008 in West China, but was only 13.4 t/ha in the whole country. The pollution risk of the cultivated land in Shaanxi Province was relatively low, but also reached 7.4 t/ ha. The relationship between economic growth and pollution was examined by employing the panel unit root test, co-integration test, and dynamic OLS developed recently. The relationships can be generally depicted by an inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve for nitrogenous and phosphorus pollution from livestock and poultry manure. The value of turning point of this curve was found to be about 22~25×103 Yuan, indicating that nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants increase at first, and then decline after reaching the turning point. Of provinces in West China, only Inner Mongolia's economic growth reached a stage of environmental improvement in 2008. At present, West China is subject to tremendous pressures and needs to make enormous efforts to abate the pollution. Eco-agricultural engineering technology and circular economic modes would be a promising way of abating pollution. Specifically, farming pasturing combined with eco-type stock raising could be considered. Economical and practical synthetic resource technologies for dealing with livestock and poultry manure could be actively developed and popularized so as to promote the transformation of manure into resources for farmland. The biogas project is one of the most important measures. The circular economic concept should be implemented in management and decision-making in agricultural development. |
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| Keywords: | Pollution from livestock and poultry Resource Ecological agriculture West China |
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