Invention and innovation in the chemical industry: Demand-pull or discovery-push? |
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| Authors: | Vivien Walsh |
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| Institution: | Department of Management Sciences, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, U.K.United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes a study of the determinants of the rate, direction and scale of inventive and innovative activity in the chemical industry over the period 1830–1980. Statistical data are interpreted in the light of case study material in three major sectors: dyestuffs, plastics and pharmaceuticals. Theories of technical change and economic growth, particularly those of Schmookler and Schmpeter, are examined in relation to this material on the chemical industry. The findings suggest that the importance of “demand pull” and “discovery push” factors, and the validity of Schmookler's and Schumpeter's theories, vary over an industry's life cycle. |
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