| 美国家长参与学校教育管理角色的嬗变 |
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| 摘 要： | 美国家长对学校教育管理的参与经历了从参与学校教育到参与学校管理、从消极被动参与到积极主动参与、从一元管理主体到多元管理主体、由封闭走向开放、由"局外人"向"局内人"角色演变的过程。20世纪80年代以前,家长参与侧重于学校的教学业务性活动,80年代以后,随着美国基础教育的深刻变革,家长参与逐步深入到学校的决策层面,其角色由"局外人"转为"局内人"。作为集决策者、合作者和公共教育购买者于一身的家长,他们以主人翁的身份参与学校决策,积极承担管理责任、履行服务义务,从而形成了富有美国特色的民主开放型的家校合作的教育管理文化。
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| 关 键 词： | 美国 家长参与 学校管理 “局内人” “局外人” |
Evolutive Changes of the Role of American Parents' Involvement in School Educational Management |
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| Abstract: | The role of American parents' involvement in school educational management has experienced the course of evolutive changes from involvement in school education to school management, from passive involvement to active involvement, from unitary management subject to plural management subject, from closing to opening up and from "outsider" to "insider". Before the 1980s, parents' involvement had placed extra emphasis on school's teaching activities. After the 1980s, with the profound reform of American basic education, parents' involvement gradually penetrated deeply into the decision-making level of school, changing their role from "outsider" to "insider". As parents who play the roles of decision-makers, cooperators and public education buyers, they are involving in the school decision-making as masters, actively undertaking the responsibility of management and fulfilling the service obligation. Therefore, the educational management culture of American characteristics featuring democratic and opening cooperation between family and school has come into being. |
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| Keywords: | America parents' involvement school management "insider" "outsider" |
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