| 学术创业：研究综述与展望 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 周炜,蔺楠,张茜.学术创业：研究综述与展望[J].科研管理,2022,43(1):14-21. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 周炜 蔺楠 张茜 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 上海财经大学商学院，上海200433 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 上海财经大学2019年研究生创业基金资助项目（CXJJ-2019-323）。 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 以1980至2020年发表的相关文献为基础，对学术创业的研究内容进行梳理，内容如下：（1）总结了已有研究中常用的学术创业概念和分类；（2）围绕学术创业主体，重点阐述了个体层面学术创业活动的研究成果；（3）对学术创业领域常用的理论及其适用问题进行了诠释；（4）从社会经济和基础科学两个方面介绍了学术创业的影响；（5）提出学术创业的研究展望，即关注数智经济阶段学术创业类型的变化、拓展学术创业研究的理论视角、扩充学术创业的研究主题以及在进一步完善国内学术创业研究体系的同时，深化中国制度背景下学术创业问题的探索，如儒家文化环境中的学术创业动机，不同地区/省份的学术创业差异等。通过对已有研究的梳理，为中国学术创业的研究和发展提供了参考。
|
| 关 键 词： | 学术创业 学术创业者 研究综述 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-10-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-04-02 |
Academic entrepreneurship: A literature review and prospects |
| |
| Zhou Wei,Lin Nan,Zhang Qian.Academic entrepreneurship: A literature review and prospects[J].Science Research Management,2022,43(1):14-21. |
| |
| Authors: | Zhou Wei Lin Nan Zhang Qian |
| |
| Institution: | Business School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China; |
| |
| Abstract: | With the development of technological economy, academic entrepreneurship plays an increasingly prominent role in improving the efficiency of technological achievements transformation and promoting technological and product innovation. In this context, the public is increasingly urgent to explore the characteristics, mechanism and influence of academic entrepreneurship under the background of China, while there are few relevant studies. Therefore, based on the relevant literature published from 1980 to 2020, this paper sorts out the following research contents of academic entrepreneurship.
(1) Clarifying the concept and categories of academic entrepreneurship. In a narrow sense, academic entrepreneurship refers to the behavior of individual scientists within the universities to create their own firms to exploit their own discoveries for profit. In a broad sense, academic entrepreneurship refers to the behavior of academic institutions or individual scientists to transfer technology or knowledge for profit. There are many types of academic entrepreneurship, including entrepreneurship education, knowledge transfer, joint research/ publication with industry, licensing, patent application, spin-off incubators, new firm creation, and so on.
(2) Integrating the research achievements of academic entrepreneurs from the perspective of entrepreneurial subjects. Founders of academic start-ups can broadly be divided into two categories: a) Academic institutions, such as universities, colleges, or research institutions; b) The individual scientist within the academic institution. Based on the differences between academic entrepreneurs and ordinary entrepreneurs, this paper then gives a detailed introduction to the research on academic entrepreneurs.
(3) Summarizing the commonly used theories in academic entrepreneurship research and their application fields, with emphasis on role identity theory, academic life-cycle model and imprinting theory. Role identity theory, which comes from social psychology literature, is mainly used in the field of academic entrepreneurship to explain the difficulties encountered by researchers in the process of transition to entrepreneurs, and what types of entrepreneurial activities researchers choose at different stages. Academic life-cycle model provides an explanation for the relationship between the age of scientists and their entrepreneurial decisions. Imprinting theory explains how founders transfer and adapt their career imprints from their previous jobs to their startups, and how these career imprints then shape the startup′s structure, culture and routines.
(4) The impact of academic entrepreneurship is discussed from socio-economic and fundamental scientific perspectives. On the one hand, academic entrepreneurship can promote economic development by accelerating technology transfer, promoting entrepreneurship and increasing employment opportunities. On the other hand, numerous scholars have raised concerns that the increasing: first, does academic enterprise occur at the expense of the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge, materializing itself as decreases in the volume or quality of publications, or as publication delays? Second, does the growing focus on industry and enterprise force, or entice, scientists to undertake more applied research, at the expense of more fundamental scientific research?
(5) Based on the existing research, this paper puts forward some future research directions: close attention to the changes in types of academic entrepreneurship, enrich the theoretical perspective of academic entrepreneurship research, expand the research topics of academic entrepreneurship. In addition, domestic academic entrepreneurship research needs to engage in the following contents: a) To construct the research system of academic entrepreneurship and form a dialogue with international academic entrepreneurship research as soon as possible; b) To explore the issue of academic entrepreneurship in the context of Chinese. For example, the entrepreneurial motivation of academic entrepreneurs under the background of Confucian culture, and the differences of academic entrepreneurship in different provinces. |
| |
| Keywords: | academic entrepreneurship academic entrepreneurs research review |
|
| 点击此处可从《科研管理》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《科研管理》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
