| 财政直接补贴农业水费研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 杜丽娟,柳长顺.财政直接补贴农业水费研究[J].资源科学,2008,30(11):1741-1746. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杜丽娟 柳长顺 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京林业大学，北京100083;水利部发展研究中心，北京100038 |
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| 基金项目： | 水利部项目：“农业水价综合改革政策研究”。 |
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| 摘 要： | 财政直接补贴农业水费是推进农业水价改革、解决农业水费问题的关键政策。根据农业水价改革相关政策及未来可能的水价模式，分析不同水价模式补贴的适用性，提出补贴农业水费的关键环节与计算方法，在对全国大中型灌区普查的基础上，估算大中型灌区与全国所有灌区农业水费补贴需求，与全国财政供应情况对比，提出推荐补贴方案。研究认为，应按照有利于提高农业综合生产能力，保障国家粮食安全，促进节约用水，进一步减轻农民负担，保证水利工程良性运行的总体要求，建立财政直接补贴农业水费机制。水费补贴的基础条件是推行两部制水价，切入点是补贴政策性亏损与基本水费。据测算，全国所有灌区农业水费补贴需求为(52.49～245.52)×108元，其中主产区大中型灌区补贴需求为(13.19～58.24)×108元。预计今后一个时期中央财政对农民直接补贴增量每年都在523×108元以上，能满足水费补贴需求。考虑到提高水价难度很大，建议暂先维持现状水价标准，财政对水管单位政策性亏损与用水户灌溉定额内的基本水费进行补贴，用水户负担计量水费；建议分步实施补贴，优先安排主产区大中型灌区农业水费补贴。
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| 关 键 词： | 水价 水费 综合改革 财政补贴 |
Analysis of Direct Subsidy Policies for Agricultural Water Fees |
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| DU Li-juan and LIU Chang-shun.Analysis of Direct Subsidy Policies for Agricultural Water Fees[J].Resources Science,2008,30(11):1741-1746. |
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| Authors: | DU Li-juan and LIU Chang-shun |
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| Abstract: | Direct subsidies for agricultural water fees are important for resolving issues with agricultural water fees and prompting comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices. According to the reform policies on agricultural water prices, there are different models of water prices. In this paper, we analyze the subsidies and calculation methods of every model. In order to collect information on agricultural water fees, we carried out a field study on 36 irrigation areas in 18 provinces, and used census data on 551 irrigation areas in 26 provinces. Based on this data, we calculated the water fee subsidy demand for all irrigation areas. A subsidy scheme is suggested based on a comparison of annual financial income. Direct subsidy mechanisms should be established in order to meet the objectives of improving agricultural comprehensive production capacity, ensuring food security, promoting water conservation, alleviating the burden on farmers and achieving sound operation of water conservancy projects. The basic condition of water fee subsidies is to implement a two-part water price, including both a basic water fee and a metered water fee, with the goal of compensating for policy flaws and basic water fees. Four subsidy schemes are compared. Under Scheme 1, adjust the water price to reach the level of compensation for all costs, and then subsidize the base portion of the adjusted water fee. Under Scheme 2, water prices are not adjusted, and subsidies cover policy shortcomings and the base portion of the current water fee. Scheme 3 is a modification of Scheme 1, under which there is a subsidy of additional expenditure to farmers in order to not increase the burden on farmers. Under Scheme 4, water prices are not adjusted and subsidies only cover the base portion of current water fees. Based on estimates for the different schemes, the demand for water fee subsidies for all irrigation areas in China is 5.25 to 24.55 billion yuan, with demand from large and medium-sized irrigation areas in the main grain-producing provinces accounting for 1.32 to 5.82 billion yuan. In the near future, it is expected that allocations of the annual central government budget for direct farmer subsidies will be more than 52.3 billion yuan, which would be able to meet the demand for water fee subsidies. Taking into account difficulties in raising the price of water, we proposed that the current level of water prices be maintained. The policy shortfall and basic water fee under the rational water quota would be subsidized by fiscal revenues, and water users would only pay for the metered water fee. The subsidy should be carried out gradually, with priority given to the large and medium-sized irrigation areas of the main agriculture-producing provinces. |
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| Keywords: | Water price Water fee Integrated reform Subsidy |
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