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A Meta-Analysis on Gender Differences in Mental Rotation Ability Measured by the Purdue Spatial Visualization Tests: Visualization of Rotations (PSVT:R) |
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| Authors: | Yukiko Maeda So Yoon Yoon |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Educational Studies, Beering Hall of Liberal Arts and Education, Purdue University, Room 5152 100N. University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2067, USA 2. Institute for P-12 Engineering Research and Learning (INSPIRE), School of Engineering Education, Purdue University, 315 N. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2023, USA |
| Abstract: | This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the magnitude of gender difference in three-dimensional (3-D) mental rotation ability and to investigate how factors related to test administration conditions play a role in varying gender difference effect sizes and threatening validity. Individuals’ 3-D mental rotation ability was measured by the Purdue Spatial Visualization Tests: Visualization of Rotations (PSVT:R). We integrated 70 effect sizes of gender differences in mental rotation ability measured by the PSVT:R which were obtained from 40 primary studies. The results indicated that male participants outperformed females on the test (Hedges’ g?=?0.57). The I 2 statistic indicated 41.7 % of variation in effect sizes reflects real heterogeneity. The moderator analysis indicated that male superiority on spatial ability tasks measured by the PSVT:R is related to the implementation of time limits. The gender difference became larger when stringent time limits (equal or less than 30 s per item) were implemented. |
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