| 利益相关者网络视角的企业社会创新过程——案例研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 盛亚,蒋旭弘.利益相关者网络视角的企业社会创新过程——案例研究[J].科研管理,2020,41(8):160-170. |
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| 作者姓名： | 盛亚 蒋旭弘 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.浙江工商大学 工商管理学院，浙江 杭州310018；
2.东易日盛家具装饰集团 南宁分公司，广西 南宁530000 |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省自然科学基金重点项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 企业作为社会创新三大主体（政府、社会、企业）之一，日益受到关注。但企业社会创新涉及众多利益相关者的权利关系却被研究者忽略，也造成了实际工作的举步维艰。本文首先阐明了基于权利关系的利益相关者网络概念，进而构建了利益相关者网络视角的企业社会创新过程理论模型，运用社会网络密度、节点度和中心度的计算方法，对浙江九仓再生资源开发公司的垃圾回收社会创新过程的不同阶段进行详细的案例研究，得出的结论是，在企业社会创新过程中，利益相关者有不同的权利诉求，由此形成的权利关系决定的网络密度、节点度、中心性也因不同阶段而演化，其中高管、政府和社区是主要利益相关者，股东、员工、客户、合作者、供应商也是不可或缺的利益相关者，他们在社会创新过程的四个阶段中因不同的权利关系而发挥着不同的作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 利益相关者网络 企业社会创新 社会创新过程 权利 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-08-16 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018-06-06 |
Corporate social innovation process from the perspective of stakeholder network-A case study |
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| Sheng Ya,Jiang Xuhong.Corporate social innovation process from the perspective of stakeholder network-A case study[J].Science Research Management,2020,41(8):160-170. |
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| Authors: | Sheng Ya Jiang Xuhong |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, aging of population, environmental pollution and other social problems have become increasingly prominent. As an effective means to solve such problems, social innovation has attracted extensive attention and gradually evolved into a worldwide phenomenon. As one of the three main bodies of social innovation (government, society and enterprise), enterprises are attracting more and more. However, the relationship between corporate social innovation and the rights of stakeholders has been neglected by researchers. It also makes the actual work difficult. In fact, many stakeholders are involved in the process of social innovation, their rights demands, relationship of rights and the network they constitute have an important impact on the process of social innovation, and the internal mechanism is worth exploring.
This paper first clarifies the concept of stakeholder network based on the relationship of rights and dividing the corporate social innovation process into four stages(creative generation, creative evaluation, design & development, implementation), and then constructs a theoretical model of the process of enterprise social innovation in the perspective of stakeholder network, and uses the social network calculation method to make a detailed case study on the different stages of the social innovation process of the garbage collection in Zhejiang Jiu Cang Company.
(1)Creative generation stage. The relationship of rights between senior executives and government is strong, followed by the relationship of rights between partners and the community, and the relationship of rights between shareholders and other stakeholders is the weakest. In this stage, the overall relationship of rights among stakeholders is not very strong, and the difference of relationship of rights among stakeholders is large. Senior executives have the highest degree of centrality in the overall network, and senior executives have the same degree of intermediation centrality as the government, and has the highest degree of intermediation centrality among stakeholders, it indicating that they have strong control ability over other stakeholders. The proximity to center between senior executives and the government is the same, which is the lowest in the network, it indicating that they have a strong right to obtain resources and information in this stage. The degree of centrality of shareholders in this stage is lower, and the corresponding degree of rights is lower also.
(2)Creative evaluation stage. Shareholders, executives, governments and employees have more relationship of rights with other stakeholders respectively, while communities, partners, suppliers and customers have less relationship of rights with other stakeholders respectively. In this stage, the overall relationship of rights among stakeholders in the network is closer than that in the creative generation stage, and the difference of relationship of rights among stakeholders is reduced. Shareholders have the highest degree of degree center in the overall network, followed by senior executives and governments. The degree of intermediary center of shareholders, executives, government and employees is higher in the overall network, which indicates that they have strong control ability in the network.
(3)Design and development stage. Shareholders, executives and customers have more relationship of rights with other stakeholders respectively, followed by employees, governments, partners and suppliers, and the community has the least relationship of rights. The main stakeholders did not change compared with the creative evaluation stage, but has more relationship of rights. Shareholders still have the highest degree of centrality in the overall network, followed by executives, employees, customers et al. The intermediary center degree of shareholders, executives and employees is higher in the whole network, which indicates that they have strong control ability.
(4)Implementation stage. Senior executives have more relationship of rights with other stakeholders, and less relationship of rights with employees, customers, communities and governments. The overall relationship of rights among stakeholders decreases slightly, and the difference of relationship of power reaches the maximum value in the social innovation process. Senior executives have the highest degree centrality, great rights, and the highest intermediary centrality.
The conclusion is that (1) The process of social innovation is an action that cooperative and open, rather than closed and isolated, the operation subjects of social innovation coexist in multiple ways, only with the diverse participation and cooperative innovation of the whole society could improve the practice and prospects of social innovation fundamentally; (2) In the process of enterprise social innovation, stakeholders have different rights demand, and the network density, degree of node and centrality of the rights relationship also evolves in different stages. Executives, government and community are the main stakeholders, and shareholders, employees, clients, collaborators and suppliers are also indispensable stakeholders. They play different roles in the four stages of social innovation due to different rights relations; (3) Pay attention to coordination the relationship of rights among stakeholders in the corporate social process, the basic means is adjust the relationship between interests and power, in order to achieve the symmetry and balance between them, provide sufficient impetus for corporate social innovation. |
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| Keywords: | stakeholder network corporate social innovation social innovation process right |
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