| 自然资源物权立法的逻辑基础——资源与物的比较分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱冰.自然资源物权立法的逻辑基础——资源与物的比较分析[J].资源科学,2012,34(10):1997-2006. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱冰 |
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| 作者单位： | 同济大学法学院,上海,200092 |
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| 基金项目： | 同济大学卓越青年学者计划“自然资源‘绿色’物权模式研究”的阶段性成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 主要建立在土地资源上的物权理论扩大适用于多样态的自然资源时,资源的公共属性与私人排他支配的制度特征,两者间的矛盾就变得紧张。自然资源开发利用的市场路径要求顺应资源兼有公共利益与私人利益双重特性,拓展传统私法利益内涵,将自然资源纳入物权法＂物＂之概念的范畴。通过对风能资源实践活动的考察,资源公益符合法益的正当性要求,在具备了效用、稀缺,建立了自然资源市场体系后,物权立法能够实现＂物＂之概念对资源独特性的制度回应。自然资源物权立法理论探讨的起点即不是有体物还是无体物的争论,也不是以物之名还是以财产之名的质疑。借鉴英美法系从权利角度（某种法律关系）理解和把握财产的立法技术,各类有形的或无形的、单体的或集合的自然资源均有成为物权客体的可能。
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| 关 键 词： | 自然资源 物 物权 |
| 修稿时间： | 5/7/2012 12:00:00 AM |
The Foundation of Natural Resource Legislation: A Comparison of Resources and Property |
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| ZHU Bing.The Foundation of Natural Resource Legislation: A Comparison of Resources and Property[J].Resources Science,2012,34(10):1997-2006. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Bing |
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| Institution: | School of Law, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
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| Abstract: | The difference between‘real’requirements in property law and‘resource’character in the natural environment, and the possibility of applying the concept of‘real’to natural resources are being increasingly discussed within China. According to traditional theory, the adjustment of public law is distinguished from one of private law by public interest. So public interest held in natural resources becomes a theoretical obstacle to the legal regulation of real property to natural resources. Modern property rights systems are the summarization of the experiences of legal practice in land resources. When a legal theory based on real estate, such as land resources, is applied to natural resources with a variety of states, there is a tight contradiction between exclusive feather of property system and common interest of natural resource. To this end, property interest contained by natural resource was analyzed to determine the internal difference compared to land property rights. To meet the requirements of market reform for natural resources, the traditional principle of property interest should be adapted to both the dual character of public interest and private interest in natural resources. The natural resource should be brought into the category of the concept of‘real’in the property system. Investigation of the practice in China’s wind energy resource sector indicate that natural resources with the character of scarcity and utility can be regulated by property systems in the condition of market economy, and public interest derived in resources is involved in the justification. The legislation about real rights can respond to these challenges as a result of characteristic of natural resource by entrance into the resource market. The understanding in diversification forms of natural resources is the key to grasp the property concept of natural resources. Historical review and analysis of natural resource legislation point out that the groundwork property system in natural resources is not a debate about tangible or intangible property, nor a debate about the name of property legislation. By the means of property theory of common law, all natural resources can be regulated by property legislation no matter whether tangible or intangible, and single or collective. Natural resources with utility and scarcity characteristics can become the object of the property right by a market bargaining system because of an inherent legitimate public interest. |
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| Keywords: | Natural resource Real right Property rights Legislation |
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