| 物理学中的两种概率论 |
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| 引用本文： | 谭天荣.物理学中的两种概率论[J].河池学院学报,2005,25(5):1-8. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谭天荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 青岛大学,物理系,山东,青岛,266071 |
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| 摘 要： | 对于双缝衍射实验,概率幅的迭加原理是指当两条缝同时打开时,一个电子通过某一条缝达到屏幕上某处的概率幅等于两条缝轮流打开时,该事件的两个概率幅之和.从这一原理得出结论：概率本身不遵循迭加原理,而这就是经典概率论不适用于微观过程的原因.柯氏概率论立足于概率的频率定义与事件运算的布尔代数两大基石,在微观过程中,概率的频率定义仍然有效,但事件运算不再遵循布尔代数的规则,特别是不遵循其乘法的交换律.因此,只要不涉及事件运算,柯氏概率论的联合概率的概念还是可以用于微观过程.但是当涉及事件运算时,将联合概率的运算公式应用于微观过程很可能得出错误的结论,贝尔不等式就是这样一个错误的结论.
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| 关 键 词： | 双缝衍射实验 斯特恩-革拉赫实验 概率幅 柯氏概率论 布尔代数 |
| 文章编号： | 1672-9021(2005)05-0001-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005年9月18日 |
Two Probability Theories in Physics |
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| TAN Tian-rong.Two Probability Theories in Physics[J].Journal of Hechi University,2005,25(5):1-8. |
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| Authors: | TAN Tian-rong |
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| Abstract: | It is proved that in double slit diffraction experiments,superposition principle of probability amplitude means the probability amplitude of the event that an electron passes through a certain slit and arrives somewhere on the screen under the condition that two slits open simultaneously,is equal to the sum of two probability amplitudes of the same event under the condition that two slits open in turn.From this thesis it is concluded that the probabilities do not obey superposition principle,which is just the reason why classical probability theory is inapplicable for the very experiment.Kolmogorov's probability theory is based on two foundations: frequency definition of probabilities and Boolean algebra of event operations.In micro processes,the former still holds true while the latter,especially its multiplicative permutation law,is violated.Hence,so long as we do not deal with event operations,joint probabilities holds good in micro processes;but provided the event operation formulae are applied,the wrong conclusions result from joint probabilities probably.The famous Bell's inequality is just such a wrong conclusion. |
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| Keywords: | double slit diffraction experiment Stern-Gerlach experiment probability amplitudes Kolmogorov's probability theory Boolean algebra |
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