Measurement invariance of the Servant Leadership Questionnaire across K-12 principal gender |
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| Authors: | Lihua Xu Trae Stewart Paige Haber-Curran |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Educational and Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Performance, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA;2. Education and Community Leadership, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA;3. Department of Counseling, Leadership, Adult Education and School Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA |
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| Abstract: | Measurement invariance of the five-factor Servant Leadership Questionnaire between female and male K-12 principals was tested using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. A sample of 956 principals (56.9% were females and 43.1% were males) was analysed in this study. The hierarchical multi-step measurement invariance test supported the measurement invariance of the five-factor model across gender. Latent factor means were compared between females and males when measurement invariance was established. Results showed that females were significantly higher than males on emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping and organisational stewardship, and they were not statistically different on altruistic calling. |
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| Keywords: | measurement invariance Servant Leadership Questionnaire gender principals confirmatory factor analysis |
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