Rejection identification or disindentification? The association of discrimination on depressive symptoms via religious and national identity among British Muslims |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;2. School of Nursing and Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Noosa, Australia;3. School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;1. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, P.O. Box 54 (Unioninkatu 37), 00014, Finland;2. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Theology, P.O. Box 4 (Vuorikatu 3), 00014, Finland;3. University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, P. O. Box 1094 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway;1. School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, PR China;2. School of Education, Kashi University, PR China;3. Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China;4. School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom;5. Faculty of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy;1. The University of Texas at Austin, College of Education, 1912 Speedway Suite 504, Austin TX, 78721, USA;2. The Family and Youth Institute, 42807 Ford Rd #203, Canton, MI 48187, USA;1. Departamento de Pedagogía, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de la Cartuja, s/n, 18071, Spain;2. Departamento de Teoría e Historia de la Educación y Pedagogía Social, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Pirotecnia s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Muslims comprise a small, yet important and growing percentage of the population in the United Kingdom. In addition to economic and social hardship, British Muslims are disadvantaged by hostile, Islamophobic attitudes and pervasive discriminatory practices. Previous research testing the Rejection-Identification (RIM) and Rejection-Disidentification (RDM) Models has suggested that the impacts of discrimination on the well-being of minorities may be mediated by processes of increased minority identification and decreased majority identification. The current research utilised these explanatory frameworks to investigate the relationships between personal discrimination and perceived Islamophobia, religious and national identities, and depressive symptoms in young British Muslims aged 16–27 years (N = 142). The results provide support for some, but not all, elements of the theoretical models tested. Specifically, perceived Islamophobia was directly associated with stronger Muslim identity, and personal discrimination was associated with weaker British identity. Furthermore, personal discrimination was associated with greater depressive symptoms; neither social identity was associated with more favourable mental health outcomes; and Muslim identity was weakly, but significantly, associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. This research points to the need to assess personal discrimination alongside indicators of group level discrimination, to include multiple social identities, and to be mindful of broader social and contextual factors when investigating RIM and RDM. |
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| Keywords: | Discrimination Islamophobia Muslim Rejection identification Rejection disindentification British |
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