Time and money expenditure in sports participation: The role of income in consuming the most practiced sports activities in Flanders |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Group on Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain;2. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP FEDER-ERDF Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;3. Unitat de Recerca d''Atenció Primària, Instituto de Investigación en Atención Primaria Jordi Gol. Instituto de Investigación de Girona, Spain;4. Centro de Salud San José Norte, Zaragoza, Spain;5. Grupo de Investigación Riesgo Vascular en Navarra (RIVANA), Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;6. Servicio de Investigación, Innovación y Formación, Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;7. Grupo Cardiovascular de Baleares de la REDIAP IBSALUT, Palma de Mallorca, Spain;8. Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, Spain;9. Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;10. Unitat de Recerca d''Atenció Primària, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona-Reus, Spain;11. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Consejería de Salud y Asuntos Sociales, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla — La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain;12. Centro de Atención Primaria La Marina, IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain;13. Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain;14. Centro de Salud Universitario “San Pablo”, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Spain;15. CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBEROBN FEDER-ERDF Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;p. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Madrid, Spain;q. Plan Integral de Diabetes de Andalucía, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Spain;r. Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain;s. Framingham Heart Study, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Given the recent economic crisis and the risen poverty rates, sports managers need to get insight in the effect of income and other socio-economic determinants on the household time and money that is spent on sports participation. By means of a Tobit regression, this study analyses the magnitude of the income effect for the thirteen most practiced sports by households in Flanders (the Dutch speaking part of Belgium), which are soccer, swimming, dance, cycling, running, fitness, tennis, horse riding, winter sports, martial arts, volleyball, walking and basketball. The results demonstrate that income has a positive effect on both time and money expenditure on sports participation, although differences are found between the 13 sports activities. For example, the effect of income on time and money expenditure is relatively high for sports activities like running and winter sports, while it is lower for other sports such as fitness, horse riding, walking and swimming. Commercial enterprises can use the results of this study to identify which sports to focus on, and how they will organise their segmentation process. For government, the results demonstrate which barriers prevent people from taking part in specific sports activities, based upon which they should evaluate their policy decisions. |
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| Keywords: | Household sports participation Household sports expenditure Household time Tobit Elasticities |
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