Prevalence of child abuse in school environment in Kerala,India: An ICAST-CI based survey |
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| Institution: | 1. St. George’s Hospital, Stafford, United Kingdom;2. Institute for Mind and Brain,Inmind, Thrissur, Kerala, India;3. Govt. Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India;4. Black Country Partnership NHS Trust, Wolverhampton and Honorary Reader in Mental Health, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom;5. Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom;1. UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, Piazza SS Annunziata 12, 50121, Florence, Italy;2. UNICEF Mozambique, 1440 Av. do Zimbábwe, Maputo, Mozambique;3. National Population Commission, Plot 2031, Olusegun Obasanjo Way, Zone 7, Wuse, PMP 281, Abuja, Nigeria;4. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, P.O. Box 30266, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya;5. Institut du Bien Etre Social et de Recherches, 13, rue des Marguerites Turgeau, Port au Prince, Haiti;6. UNICEF Nigeria, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2851, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria;7. UNICEF Haiti, 17 rue Armand Holly, Debussy, Port-au-Prince, Haiti;8. UNICEF Kenya, P O Box 44145-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;9. Demographics Statistics Census and Survey Department, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, #386 Preah Monivong Blvd, Boeung Keng Kong 1, Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;10. UNICEF Tanzania, Plot 1403-1 Bains Avenue, Masaki, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;11. UNICEF, UNICEF House, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY, 10017, USA;12. UNICEF Cambodia, 5th Floor, Exchange Square, Building No. 19&20, St. 106, Phom Penh, Cambodia;13. Department of Social Work, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Russian Federation Boulevard, Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;14. Formerly Principal Secretary, Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare, Gemini House, City Centre, Private Bag 300, Lilongwe 3, Malawi;15. International Food Policy Research Institute, 1201 Eye St., NW, Washington, DC. 20005-3915, USA;p. Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children, Avenue de la Paix 5 - 7, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;q. The Global Women’s Institute, 2140 G Street, NW, Washington, DC. 20052, USA;1. Department of Surgery, University of Washington & Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359960, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359960, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;3. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;4. Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE (F64), Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA;5. Department of Anthropology and Department of Health Sciences, University of Miami, Chancellor, Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development (INURED), 8 Rue Eucalyptus, Delmas 83, Port-au-Prince, Haiti;1. VU University Amsterdam, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India;1. Ministry of Health, Nutrition & Indigenous Medicine, Suwasiripaya, No 38, Rev. Baddegama Wimalawansa Thero Mawatha, Colombo, 10, Sri Lanka;2. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka;3. Dept. of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka;1. Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA;2. Department of Developmental Psychology, VU University & EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Very few studies focus on childhood abuse in developing countries and only a small fraction of such studies explicitly deal with abuse in a school environment. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse in a school environment in a developing country. Abuse history was collected using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool – Children’s Institutional Version (ICAST-CI). Demographic variables were also collected. Student supportive measures were provided both during and after the survey. 6682 school attending adolescents in Thrissur, Kerala participated in this cross sectional self report study. One year and lifetime prevalence of physical (75.5%, 78.5%), emotional (84.5%, 85.7%) and sexual (21.0%, 23.8%) abuse was high. Abuse was considered to be present even if an individual item from these three categories was reported. Most abuse was reported as occurring ‘sometimes’ rather than ‘many times’. More males than females reported being victims of abuse; figures for one-year prevalence were: physical abuse (83.4% vs. 61.7%), emotional abuse (89.5% vs. 75.7%), and sexual abuse (29.5% vs. 6.2%). Various factors significantly increase the likelihood of abuse—male gender, low socioeconomic status, regular use of alcohol and drugs by family member at home, and having other difficulties at school. Children tended to report abuse less frequently if they liked attending school and if they always felt safe at school. The results highlight the urgent need to address the issue of abuse in the school environment and minimize its impact. |
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| Keywords: | Abuse Adolescent Children Emotional India Physical Prevalence School Sexual |
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