Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in middle childhood |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States;2. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, 4301 W. Markham St, #554, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States;3. Arizona State University, T. Denny Sanford School Social Family Dynamics, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, AZ, 85287, United States;1. Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA;2. Sewanee – The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA;1. Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Children''s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY;2. Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Infants and Children''s Hospital of Brooklyn, NY;1. Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ;2. Boggs Center on Developmental Disabilities, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ;3. Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ;4. Children''s Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ;5. Children''s Specialized Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ;6. Department of Pediatrics, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pa;7. Princeton University, NJ;8. Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, The School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ;9. Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY;2. Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY;3. Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, Rady Children''s Hospital, San Diego, Calif;4. Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children''s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY;5. School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif;6. Department of Pediatrics, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, Calif;7. Oregon Social Learning Center, Eugene, Ore |
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| Abstract: | Children who have been exposed to maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for various negative adult health outcomes, including cancer, liver disease, substance abuse, and depression. However, the proximal associations between ACEs and behavioral outcomes during the middle childhood years have been understudied. In addition, many of the ACE studies contain methodological limitations such as reliance on retrospective reports and limited generalizability to populations of lower socioeconomic advantage. The current study uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a national urban birth cohort, to prospectively assess the adverse experiences and subsequent behavior problems of over 3000 children. Eight ACE categories to which a child was exposed by age 5 were investigated: childhood abuse (emotional and physical), neglect (emotional and physical), and parental domestic violence, anxiety or depression, substance abuse, or incarceration. Results from bivariate analyses indicated that Black children and children with mothers of low education were particularly likely to have been exposed to multiple ACE categories. Regression analyses showed that exposure to ACEs is strongly associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors and likelihood of ADHD diagnosis in middle childhood. Variation in these associations by racial/ethnic, gender, and maternal education subgroups are examined. This study provides evidence that children as young as 9 begin to show behavioral problems after exposure to early childhood adversities. |
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| Keywords: | Adverse childhood experiences Behavioral development Behavior problem Middle childhood |
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