Fostering Understanding by Structural Alignment as a Route to Analogical Learning |
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| Authors: | Lucia Mason |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to extend previous research on the conditions that may promote understanding and abstraction
via structural alignment, that is, through a comparison between two partially understood situations. Structural alignment
is a route to analogical reasoning which differs from the typical route where an analogy is made by eliciting an unknown situation
from a very familiar one. Ninety-nine eighth graders were presented with two pairs of scenarios; the first depicting two phenomena
of heat flow and the second, two phenomena of the changing state of matter. Participants were randomly assigned to five different
conditions which varied in the degree to which they required a comparisonbetween the phenomena in the scenario pairs. For
each pair of scenarios, participants were asked to describe the differences between the two phenomena, explain what happens
in the phenomena, rate the similarity between the two, and justify the ratings. Results show that analogical reasoning was
promoted more in the condition where participants were asked to jointly interpret the phenomena depicted in the scenarios.
For both pairs of scenarios, students in this condition reached a deeper understanding; they were more able to identify alignable
differences between the phenomena, and recognize the abstract and general higher-order relational structure implied by the
perceptually different situations. |
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| Keywords: | analogical learning analogical reasoning analogy structural alignment structure mapping |
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