| 高校强制退学的制度审查与法治化匡正 |
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| 引用本文： | 张航.高校强制退学的制度审查与法治化匡正[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2022(1):88-101. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张航 |
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| 作者单位： | ;1.中国政法大学法学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“运用高校申诉制度有效解决校内纠纷研究”(21YJC820016)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 高校强制退学处理是高校强制性解除学生在学法律关系的行为,包括纪律惩戒性退学和学术淘汰性退学两类。强制退学处理的法律属性属于国家行政行为,在具体行政行为类型上属于对未型式化的授益行政行为之撤销或废止。鉴于强制退学处理对学生的身份权和受教育权等基本权利形成过度限制甚至剥夺,所以强制退学制度在形式合法性上必须遵循法律保留原则、规范明确性原则和正当程序原则;在实质合理性上应当符合比例原则、不当联结禁止原则和信赖保护原则。基于制度合法性与合理性审查的结论,应该从四个方面对该制度展开法治化匡正工作:其一,退学依据应当部分遵循相对性法律保留原则来分配权限;其二,退学事由应当分为政治标准、纪律标准和学术标准分别确定;其三,退学程序应当构建起公开程序、听证程序和期间程序制度体系;其四,权利救济应当完善和探索校内申诉、行政复议、司法诉讼和行政赔偿等体系化救济理路。
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| 关 键 词： | 强制退学处理 在学法律关系 受教育权 制度审查 法治化 |
System Review and Legalization of Compulsory Withdrawal from Colleges and Universities |
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| Zhang Hang.System Review and Legalization of Compulsory Withdrawal from Colleges and Universities[J].Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences,2022(1):88-101. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Hang |
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| Institution: | (School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China) |
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| Abstract: | The handling of compulsory withdrawal from colleges is the behavior of colleges and universities to forcibly terminate the legal relationship of students in school,including disciplinary withdrawal and academic elimination.The legal nature of compulsory withdrawal is a state administrative act,and in the specific type of administrative act,it belongs to the cancellation or abolition of unformatted administrative acts that grant benefits.In view of the fact that the handling of compulsory withdrawal has excessively restricted or even deprived students of their basic rights such as the right to identity and the right to education,the formal legality of the compulsory withdrawal system must follow the principle of legal reservation,the principle of clear norms,and the principle of due process.In terms of substantive rationality,the above should comply with the principle of proportionality,the principle of prohibition of improper connection and the principle of trust protection.Based on the conclusions of the legality and rationality of the system,the legalization of the system should be carried out from four aspects.Specifically,first,the basis for withdrawal should be partly based on the principle of relative legal reservation to assign authority;second,the reasons for withdrawal should be divided into political standards,disciplinary standards and academic standards to be determined separately;third,the withdrawal procedure should be established as an open procedure,hearing procedures and period procedures;fourth,rights relief should be improved and explored in school appeals,administrative reconsideration,judicial litigation and administrative compensation and other systematic remedies. |
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| Keywords: | compulsory withdrawal legal relationship in school right to education system review rule of law |
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