| 西北干旱区资源型城市发展与转型研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张永凯,马国霞.西北干旱区资源型城市发展与转型研究[J].资源科学,2008,30(7):1013-1017. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张永凯 马国霞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,上海,200062;兰州商学院资源环境与城乡规划管理系,兰州,730020
2. 中国科学院虚拟经济与数据科学研究中心,北京,100080 |
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| 摘 要： | 资源型城市是一种特殊类型的城市群体。本文以资源产业的生命周期理论为基础，以西北干旱区为区域背景，以资源型城市为典型案例，通过对西北干旱区资源型城市发展现状的分析，指出西北干旱区资源型城市的发展除了受到经济结构畸形、矿产资源的不可再生性等资源型城市面临的普遍问题之外，还面临水资源短缺和生态环境脆弱两大特殊瓶颈。最后基于资源型城市的生命周期理论和干旱区的特殊性，提出资源型城市的发展与转型要具体分析、分类指导。对处于幼年期的资源型城市，要搞好资源产地和城市发展的长期规划，资源产地不一定要设市；对处于中年期的资源型城市，要通过产业结构调整和资源优势转换，提前做好转型准备；对处于老年期的资源型城市，要利用积累下来的资金、技术、人才等带动其他产业，逐步把重点转移到非资源型行业领域中，在国家和地方政府的支持下，进一步做好城市的未来发展与转型。
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| 关 键 词： | 西北干旱区 资源型城市 生命周期 可持续发展 转型 西北 干旱区 资源型 城市 发展 转型研究 Cities Transition 支持 地方政府 国家 行业领域 转移 重点 人才 资金 积累 利用 老年期 优势转换 |
Development and Transition of Resource-based Cities in China's Arid Northwest |
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| ZHANG Yong-kai and MA Guo-xia.Development and Transition of Resource-based Cities in China's Arid Northwest[J].Resources Science,2008,30(7):1013-1017. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Yong-kai and MA Guo-xia |
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| Abstract: | Resource-based cities are a unique type of city, with economies which rely primarily on the extraction and processing of natural resources. There have been resource-based cities in arid areas of northwest China since 1949, such as Karamay, Altay and Koral in the Uighur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang; Yumen, Jinchang, and Jiayuguan in Gansu province; and Golmud in Qinghai province. This paper uses life-cycle theory to analyze the development phase and present conditions of these cities, and describes the challenges and difficulties that affect urban development and transition, such as a simplified economic structure, exhaustion of mineral resources, restricted water resources and limitations of the natural environment. Shortages of water resources and environmental vulnerability are two particular challenges that resource-based cities in arid areas currently face.
Based on the special characteristics of northwest China's arid areas and the cities' respective development phases, this paper makes suggestions for the transition of cities in different age categories. Due to unique characteristics and actual conditions, not all cities should use the same method; cities may use different countermeasures and methods of pursuing economic transition and sustainable development. For young cities, long-term planning of the city should be completed early on, and not all resource sites should be built up into urban areas. For medium-age cities, the industrial structure should be adjusted and resource advantages should be shifted as quickly as possible to facilitate a structural economic transition, while the current economic situation makes this period a good time for transition. For older cities, it is too late for an effective economic transition, so any measures are difficult to successfully implement. However, the capital, technology and skilled labor that have accumulated in resource-based industries should be used to develop alternative non-resource-based industries. In addition, older cities will require support from local and central government to realize sustainable development and a transition to an alternative economic structure. |
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| Keywords: | Northwest arid area Resource-based city Life cycle Sustainable development Transition |
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