| 美国版权侵权认定标准演化研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王渊.美国版权侵权认定标准演化研究[J].出版科学,2016,24(1):24-29. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王渊 |
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| 作者单位： | 兰州大学法学院，兰州，730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 2015年国家社会科学基金年度项目“新媒体时代版权豁免与版权许可合同的冲突及协调研究”(15BFX142)阶段性成果之一，中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“技术标准的知识产权问题研究(15LZUJBWZY107)的研究成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 美国法院按照以下两个程序认定被告是否侵权并在此过程中确定侵权认定标准：首先，原告对作品是否拥有有效的版权；第二，被告是否侵犯了原告的版权。“被告是否侵犯了原告的版权”认定也有两步：一是被告是否事实上抄袭了原告作品，二是被告是否抄袭了原告作品中受版权保护的表达部分并足以构成侵权。而对于“抄袭是否足以构成侵权”的判断就是“实质相似”判断。在美国，随着时间的变化、技术的发展和人们认识的变化，不同的巡回法院在不同的阶段对“实质相似”判断方法是不同的，依时间变化分别有专家证言与抽象测试法、一般观察者的“整体判断”测试法、“整体概念和感觉”测试法(后来改进为“外在/内在”测试法)、“作品所针对的对象”测试法、“更敏锐的观察者”分析法和“抽象-过滤-比较”测试法。
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| 关 键 词： | 版权侵权认定 过程 实质相似 测试法 |
Evolution Study on Recognition Standard of Copyright Infringement in U.S |
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| Abstract: | Recognition standard of copyright infringement is determined by courts in case. The courts judge whether the defendant violate the exclusive rights of copyright owner according two main procedures. First, the plaintiff must alege and prove ownership of a valid copyright. Second,the plaintiff must prove that the defendant violated one of the exclusive rights of copyright owner. Recognition to whether the defendant violates the exclusive rights of copyright owner has two main elements. One is whether the defendant copied from the plaintiff’s work in fact. The other is whether the defendant copied enough of plaintiff’s protected expression to constitute infringement. The second judgment is substantial similarity analysis. In different circuit courts the methods of substantial similarity analysis are different in different stages with time changing, the development of technology,and the change of people’s opinion. The methods of substantial similarity analysis have Expert Testimony and Abstractions Test, Summary Judgment Test of the Ordinary Observer, the Total Concept and Feel Test(It is improved by Extrinsic/Intrinsic Test),the Test of the Works Intended Audience, the test of the more Discerning Ordinary Observer, and“Abstract-Filtration-Comparison”Test. |
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| Keywords: | Recognition standard of copyright infringement Procedure Substantial similarity test |
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