| 孙中山自由观的历史特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋惠昌.孙中山自由观的历史特征[J].江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012(1):81-91. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋惠昌 |
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| 作者单位： | 中共中央党校哲学部 |
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| 摘 要： | 孙中山领导辛亥革命的过程中,是以西方的自由思想为旗帜的。他的自由观的实质,是与封建专制主义根本对立的;辛亥革命后,孙中山在他创立的中华民国的立法中,充分体现了这种革命民主主义的自由观。但是,由于中国民主革命的极端曲折性,以及中国传统文化的影响,使孙中山的自由观带有了复杂的历史特征。这主要表现在,他对近代民主政治中的自由的本质,缺乏准确的理解。比如说,孙中山总是把社会团体的自由与个体的自由对立起来,甚至把个人自由看成是有害的东西,因此,在解决团体自由与个人自由的矛盾时,常常陷入困境;再比如说,他认为,参加革命党的人,必须以牺牲个人的自由为代价,每个党员要以绝对服从党的领袖为条件,这样,就形成了国民党内的"党魁独裁"体制。孙中山在自由观上的这些误区产生了消极的历史影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 自由 团体自由 个人自由 “党魁独裁” |
Historical Characteristics of Sun Yat-Sen’ View of Freedom |
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| SONG Huichang.Historical Characteristics of Sun Yat-Sen’ View of Freedom[J].Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),2012(1):81-91. |
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| Authors: | SONG Huichang |
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| Institution: | SONG Huichang(Department of Philosophy,the Central Party School of the CPC,Beijing 100091) |
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| Abstract: | Sun Yat-Sen took Western liberal thought as a flag in the process of leading the 1911 Revolution.His essence of the view of freedom was diametrically opposed to feudal despotism;after 1911 Revolution,in the legislation of the Republic of China founded by Sun Yat-Sen,he fully reflected this view of freedom of revolutionary democracy.However,extreme twists and turns of Chinese democratic revolution and the influence of Chinese traditional culture made Sun Yat-Sen’s view of freedom with complex history characteristics,which was reflected mainly in his lack of accurate understanding of the essence of freedom in modern democratic politics.For example,Sun Yat-Sen always put the freedom of the social organization to the opposite of individual freedom,even regarded personal freedom as something harmful,so he often got into trouble when solving conflicts between the freedom of the social organization and individual freedom;another example,he thought that revolutionaries had to take sacrifice individual freedom as the price,each party member had to take absolute obedience to a leader of the party as a condition,in this way,the system of "Kuomintang head dictatorship" formed.These errors on the view of freedom once produced negative historical influence. |
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| Keywords: | freedom freedom of the social organization individual freedom "Kuomintang head dictatorship" |
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