| 1971-2014年黑龙江省春季气温演变特征及对作物播种期的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 姜丽霞,王晾晾,杜春英,曲辉辉,朱海霞,宫丽娟,陈可心,闫平.1971-2014年黑龙江省春季气温演变特征及对作物播种期的影响[J].资源科学,2015,37(4):849-857. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姜丽霞 王晾晾 杜春英 曲辉辉 朱海霞 宫丽娟 陈可心 闫平 |
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| 作者单位： | 黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 哈尔滨150030,黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 哈尔滨150030,黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 哈尔滨150030,黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 哈尔滨150030,黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 哈尔滨150030,黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 哈尔滨150030,黑龙江省气象台, 哈尔滨150030,黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 哈尔滨150030 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业气象科研专项项目(GYHY201306036,GYHY201206043);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B0304)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用1971-2014年黑龙江省78个气象站地面气象观测资料,对黑龙江省春季最高、最低和平均气温的时间演变特征和空间分布进行了分析,同时应用统计方法分析了其与主要粮食作物玉米和水稻播种期的关系。研究结果表明:①1971-2014年,研究区最高、最低和平均气温总体呈升高趋势,最高和最低气温在时间变化上为明显的非对称性增长,最低气温升温快;②春季大幅度增温发生在20世纪90年代至21世纪初,且以最低气温升温显著;③全省范围内,最高、最低和平均气温呈北低南高特征,其气候变率在不同气候区存在差异,为西高东低、北高南低的分布规律,空间差异不明显,相对来说,在经向以及纬向上差异大;④春季气温异常偏冷累计发生28年,20世纪70至80年代末期及21世纪10年代中期以后为高发期,且大范围发生的频率较高。研究区内农业气象站53%站点的春季最高、最低、平均气温与作物播种期存在显著或极显著的负相关关系,气温升高具有正效应,使播种期提前;⑤春季低温导致作物迟播。
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| 关 键 词： | 春季气温 演变特征 作物播种期 黑龙江省 |
Evolution characteristics of spring air temperature and its effect on crop seeding dates in Heilongjiang from 1971 to 2014 |
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| JIANG Lixi,WANG Liangliang,DU Chunying,QU Huihui,ZHU Haixi,GONG Lijuan,CHEN Kexin and YAN Ping.Evolution characteristics of spring air temperature and its effect on crop seeding dates in Heilongjiang from 1971 to 2014[J].Resources Science,2015,37(4):849-857. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Lixi WANG Liangliang DU Chunying QU Huihui ZHU Haixi GONG Lijuan CHEN Kexin and YAN Ping |
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| Institution: | Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030, China,Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030, China,Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030, China,Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030, China,Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030, China,Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030, China,Heilongjiang Province Meteorological Observatory, Harbin 150030, China and Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on meteorological observation data from 78 agro-meteorological stations from 1971 to 2014 in Heilongjiang province,the temporal and spatial distribution of spring maximum air temperature,minimum air temperature and average air temperature were analyzed to explore the relationship between spring air temperature and crop seeding dates. The results show that spring air temperature increased from 1971 to 2014;maximum air temperature and minimum air temperature increased non-symmetrically;and minimum air temperature increased quickly. The spring air temperature had the largest increment from the 1990s to early in the 21st century,and minimum air temperature warming was significant. For the province,the spring maximum air temperature,minimum air temperature and average air temperature in the south were higher than that in northern areas. Climate variability across the province also showed the same characteristics, and climate variability was higher in western regions and lower in eastern regions,but spatial differences were not obvious. The spring air temperature anomalous cold year summed 28 years, the frequency of anomalous cold year appearance was high from 1970s to the late 1980s and after the middle 2010s;when the anomalous cold climate occurred,its spatial distribution was usually wide. Correlation between spring air temperature and maize or rice seeding dates was significant in 53% of agricultural meteorological stations. The spring air temperature increase was favorable to crop seeding,which would lead to crop seeding dates becoming earlier. On the contrary,low temperatures had a negative effect on crop seeding in spring. |
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| Keywords: | spring air temperature evolution characteristics crop seeding dates Heilongjiang Province |
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