| 香榧有性生殖周期的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 汤仲埙,陈祖铿,王伏雄.香榧有性生殖周期的研究[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,1986,24(6):447-453. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汤仲埙 陈祖铿 王伏雄 |
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| 摘 要： | 香榧Torreya grandis 是名贵“干果”和木本油料植物,为裸子植物红豆杉科的重要成员之。有关香榧的胚胎学过去有过报道,但其整个有性生殖过程,至今未有详细研究。作者就多年的观察和探索,基本搞清了香榧的有性生殖过程。香榧的球果原基在头年5月1日前已经开始分化,这时原基呈小丘状隆起,在它外面的第一对苞片几乎与球果原基处在同一水平线上。第二年5月1日前后,胚珠的各种组织已基本分化完全,并在珠心深处有一明显的大孢子母细胞。此刻,小孢子叶球中的花粉正处于2细胞传粉阶段。受精作用发生在8月底至9月初。原胚发育持续的时间很长,并在越冬之后于第三年4月开始向幼胚过渡。到9—11月间,种子完全成熟。
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| 关 键 词： | 香榧 有性生殖周期 受精作用 原胚 |
Investigation on Sexual Reproductive Cycle in Torreya grandis |
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| Tang Zhong-Xun,Chen Zu-Keng,Wang Fu-Hsiung.Investigation on Sexual Reproductive Cycle in Torreya grandis[J].Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,1986,24(6):447-453. |
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| Authors: | Tang Zhong-Xun Chen Zu-Keng Wang Fu-Hsiung |
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| Institution: | 1 (lnstitute of Forestry of Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, Zhuji)
2(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Peking) |
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| Abstract: | Before May the first, the ovular primordium of Torreya grandis has differentiat-
ed. From this early moment the primordium look like the parabolic form and it is surrounded
by many pairs of scales, of which a pair of the inner scales are lying at the same level as the
primordium of ovule. About May the first of the second year, the differentiation of the various
tissues in the ovule has essentially completed. And the fertilization takes place from the end of
August to the beginning of September. After overwintering, the proembryo developes into a
young embryo in April of the third year, and at the last stage both the seed and the embryo beco-
me mature from September to November.
In the Taxaceae, the embryogenesis is similar in Amentotaxus,Austrotaxus, Taxus, and Pse-
udotaxus; their proembryos form cell wall all at the stage of 16-free nuclei and simple polyem-
bryony is common among them. In Torreya, however, the cell wall of proembryo appear at the
stage of 4 or 8-free nuclei, and cleavage polyembryony is its feature. On the basis of our obser-
vation, the sexual reproductive cycle of Torreya grandis seems to have two important features,
one of which is rather long (31 moths from ovular primordium to seed maturity; about 4 mon-
ths from pollination to fertilization and 7-8 months for development of proembryo). The sta-
te of the long sexual cycle in Amentotaxus and Austrotaxus is different from each other; in the
former development of young embryo lasts 10-11 months, and in the latter the interval between
pollination and fertilization is 13.5 months. The second feature of the sexual cycle in Torreya
grandis is over two winters: development of the sporogenous cells in the first, and the proembryo
development in the second. From the point of view of phylogenesis, some primitive characters
are present in the sexual cycle of Torreya grandis although a specialized feature of the embryoge-
nesis occurs in some degree. |
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| Keywords: | Torreya grandis Sexual reproductive cycle Fertilization Proembryo |
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