| 中国高端人才的地理流动、空间布局与组织集聚 |
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| 引用本文： | 中国高端人才的地理流动、空间布局与组织集聚.中国高端人才的地理流动、空间布局与组织集聚[J].科学学研究,2018,36(12):2191-2204. |
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| 作者姓名： | 中国高端人才的地理流动、空间布局与组织集聚 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 对外经济贸易大学 中国开放经济与国际科技合作战略研究中心
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3. 中央民族大学教育学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 创新驱动发展下中国科技人才战略的决策要素、路径选择与政策创新研究” |
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| 摘 要： | 在全球化背景下，高端人才在国别、区域、机构和部门的环流和聚集是一种积极的利益共享机制，既是创新资源和高端人力资本优化配置的组成部分，更是全球化时代知识传播和技术扩散的主要途径。利用1994-2014年“国家杰青”获得者和1999-2014年“长江学者”特聘教授获得者数据，对共计5074名学者的职业流动情况进行追踪，获得626名具有职业流动经历的学者样本。通过分析其职业流动路径，发现：高端人才在区域间的流动总体符合“孔雀东南飞”的特点，东南部的人才环流形态初步形成；人才流动中的“中西部危机”和“东北部困境”的典型表现是严重的人才逆差；从组织视角来看，以中科院为代表的科研机构是高端人才的主要输出地，高校则是主要的接收地，其中的“精英大学”是高端人才的主要聚集场所；在周期和时间序列上，高端人才出走存在“七年之痒”和“47岁现象”，且有日益提前的趋势；高端人才出走与学术资本获得之间的关系更为紧密，与行政资源与经济资本的关联较松散。促进高端人才的合理有序流动，需要解决市场失灵以及公共政策合法性和失范问题。
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| 收稿时间： | 2018-03-20 |
The Geographic Mobility,Spatial Distribution and institutional Aggregation of China's Research Scientists |
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| Abstract: | In the context of globalization, brain circulation and aggregation across countries, regions, institutions and departments serve as a mechanism of benefit sharing. It has been an important component of the optimal allocation of innovation resources and human capital and has contributed to the knowledge transfer and technology diffusion in a globalized world. The present study identified 3,234 Distinguished Young Scholars of China between the years 1994 and 2014, and 1,840 Yangtze River Scholars of China between the years 1999 and 2014, found 626 of them had experienced mobility. Based on the analysis of their career mobility experience, the present study suggests: (a) the mobility of these star scientists fits the phenomenon of “Peacock Flying to Southeast”, and “brain circulation” has been initially established in the southeast of China; (b) a severe talent shortage is the main characteristic of the so-called “Midwest Crisis” and “Northeast Dilemma”; (c) research institutes represented by the Chinese Academy of Sciences have grown into a major sending place, and universities have become an important receiving institutes, especially top universities; (d) the “seven-year itch” and the so-called “47-year-old phenomenon” exist in the loss of talent; (e) the mobility of scientists is more closely linked to the acquisition of academic capital than to the acquisition of administrative and financial resources. In order to promote the rational and orderly mobility of high-end talent, market malfunction and the failure of public policy should be resolved. |
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