| 农牧交错带沙漠化逆转区禁牧政策下农村经济可持续发展研究——以宁夏盐池县为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 王晓君,周立华,石敏俊.农牧交错带沙漠化逆转区禁牧政策下农村经济可持续发展研究——以宁夏盐池县为例[J].资源科学,2014,36(10):2166-2173. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王晓君 周立华 石敏俊 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院虚拟经济与数据科学研究中心, 北京 100190;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州 730000;中国科学院虚拟经济与数据科学研究中心, 北京 100190;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划2010年度“联合学者”项目；中国科学院“百人计划”项目。 |
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| 摘 要： | 退牧还草、封山禁牧政策下,部分农牧交错带地区已呈现出沙漠化逆转趋势,但因沙漠化逆转的生态效益难以直接反映到农户经济收入当中。农户因牧场资源减少,经济利益受损,为维持收入不变,农户违规放牧、偷牧现象严重,退牧还草生态成果存在很大隐患。科学评价农牧交错带沙漠化逆转的生态经济效益,探讨禁牧政策下,提高农户经济收入的政策手段,对于保障农牧交错带生态建设的可持续具有重要的意义。本文以宁夏盐池县为例,基于Bio-economic模型,模拟了不同经济政策的优化调控和生态建设的政策选择对农户收入的影响。研究结果表明,禁牧政策下,通过农业和畜牧业的耦合优化配置、贷款资金支持、水利基础设施建设以及农村剩余劳动力向非农就业转移等政策措施,可实现增加农户经济收入的目标。研究建议,可适时考虑调整放牧政策,改禁牧为轮牧,在有效利用草场资源的同时,增加农牧民经济收入,实现农牧交错带生态建设和经济增长的双赢。
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| 关 键 词： | 农牧交错带 沙漠化逆转 农牧民收入 经济政策调控 放牧政策 宁夏盐池县 |
Sustainable Development of a Rural Economy Under Grazing Prohibition in a Desertification Control Region and Agro-Pastoral Transitional Zone |
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| WANG Xiaojun,ZHOU Lihua and SHI Minjun.Sustainable Development of a Rural Economy Under Grazing Prohibition in a Desertification Control Region and Agro-Pastoral Transitional Zone[J].Resources Science,2014,36(10):2166-2173. |
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| Authors: | WANG Xiaojun ZHOU Lihua and SHI Minjun |
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| Institution: | Research Center on Fictitious Economy & Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;Research Center on Fictitious Economy & Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Tradeoffs between the eco-environment and economic development are an important issue for the sustainable development of agro-pastoral transitional zones in northern China. After grazing prohibition, partly desertified land was reversed and the ecological environment was significantly improved. However, due to the reduction in available pasture, farmers suffered great losses that were not offset by ecological compensation. In order to maintain basic living standards, the farmers tended to graze without permission and this resulted in significant ecological risk. Improving farmers' income is the key to the sustainability of ecological reconstruction and here we aimed to seek policy instruments to increase this income. A bio-economic model was established to simulate farmer responses to policy arrangements and optimize regulation in Yanchi County, Location, China. Results show that farmer income can be increased by coupling and optimizing the structure of agriculture planting and animal husbandry, supporting loan funds, improving water conservation facilities, providing job skills training and guiding rural surplus labor from the agriculture to non-agricultural sector. Establishing a reasonable rotational grazing policy to replace the grazing prohibition policy will increase farmers' income by making use of pastoral resources and solve problems caused by the single feed structure and low livestock survival rates. Alternatively, it is clear that continued implementation of the graze prohibition policy will require a proper compensation mechanism. |
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| Keywords: | agro-pastoral transitional zone reversion of land desertification farmer income economic policy grazing policy Yanchi County |
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