| 生计资本对青藏高原东缘牧民生计活动的影响及区域差异 |
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| 引用本文： | 王彦星,潘石玉,卢涛,晏兆莉,郭旭生,尚占环,盛丽,吴宁.生计资本对青藏高原东缘牧民生计活动的影响及区域差异[J].资源科学,2014,36(10):2157-2165. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王彦星 潘石玉 卢涛 晏兆莉 郭旭生 尚占环 盛丽 吴宁 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院成都生物研究所山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 成都 610041;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;陕西师范大学生命科学学院, 西安 710062;中国科学院成都生物研究所山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 成都 610041;中国科学院成都生物研究所山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 成都 610041;兰州大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730000;兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 兰州 730020;青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810003;中国科学院成都生物研究所山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 成都 610041 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（编号：41371126）；国际山地综合发展中心协议项目（编号：MT KAILASH）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 基于参与式问卷调查和数理统计等方法,对位于青藏高原东缘的四川省红原县及甘肃省天祝县纯牧区的158户藏族牧民家庭进行了调查。基于调查资料,以可持续框架理论为基础,分析了不同区域的牧民生计资本和生计活动的特点及差异,揭示了两者之间的关系,并探讨了生计资本对生计活动的影响规律。研究结果表明:1两县牧区牧民的生计资本都非常有限,且不均衡,总体上来说都呈现出自然资本丰富,物质资本转化难,人力、社会、金融资本偏低的特征;2两个牧区牧民生计活动多样化水平整体都不高,都主要依赖于自然资本,生计较为脆弱;3不同地区牧民生计资本和生计活动存在差异性,主要体现在红原牧区自然资本和社会资本显著高于天祝牧区,天祝牧区人力资本和物质资本显著高于红原牧区;牧民生计多样性指数方面天祝地区显著高于红原牧区;4牧民生计资本显著影响着其所采取的生计活动,而不同牧区生计资本对生计活动的影响具有相似性。
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| 关 键 词： | 藏族牧民 生计资本 生计活动 青藏高原东缘 |
Impact of Livelihood Capital on the Livelihood Activities of Herdsmen on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
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| WANG Yanxing,PAN Shiyu,LU Tao,YAN Zhaoli,GUO Xusheng,SHANG Zhanhuan,SHENG Li and WU Ning.Impact of Livelihood Capital on the Livelihood Activities of Herdsmen on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Resources Science,2014,36(10):2157-2165. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yanxing PAN Shiyu LU Tao YAN Zhaoli GUO Xusheng SHANG Zhanhuan SHENG Li and WU Ning |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xining 810003, China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China |
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| Abstract: | Livelihood issues and environmental problems in pastoral areas are important problems in developing countries. The living activities of herdsmen depend on their livelihood capital and different livelihood activities have different effects on the ecosystem. Environmental change also affects livelihood capital and livelihood activities. Here, we conducted questionnaires of 158 Tibetan herding families from pure pastoral areas in Hongyuan(Sichuan, China) and Tianzhu (Qinghai, China). Based on a sustainable framework and survey data, the characteristics and differences of livelihood capital and living activities of herdsmen in these two regions were analyzed. We found that the livelihood capital of herdsmen in both counties is limited and uneven. Overall, natural capital is rich, and human, social and financial capital are low;physical capital is difficult to transform to other capitals. Herding livelihoods in both counties are mainly dependent on natural capital, and the diversification levels of livelihood activities are low. The livelihoods of the two counties are fragile. The natural capital and social capital of Hongyuan are significantly higher than for Tianzhu, and the livelihood diversification index follows the opposite pattern. The human and physical capital for Tianzhu are significantly higher than for Hongyuan. There no differences between the two areas regarding financial capital. Herding livelihood capital affects livelihood activities in both focal areas. |
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| Keywords: | livelihood capital livelihood activities the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Tibetan herdsmen |
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