| 从“仁”和“性命”之解说看阮元的理学思想 |
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| 引用本文： | 李帆.从“仁”和“性命”之解说看阮元的理学思想[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007(3):79-86. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李帆 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学,历史学院,北京,100875 |
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| 摘 要： | 阮元是清代中叶的汉学领袖,但在理学上,他也有卓越成就。本着“以训诂求义理”的学术理路,他从古训入手,通过语义分析求文字本义,对理学核心范畴作了一系列精辟阐发。他之论“仁”,是以“相人偶”为解,认为“著于行事,始可称仁”,批评理学家“闭户斋居,瞑目静坐”的体仁之方。他之论“性命”,以为“欲生于情,在性之内”,“非别有一事与性相分而为对”;性不能“绝”,只能“节”;规范的标准在于礼治。他对唐代李翱的“复性”说提出尖锐批评,指出李翱把“性”“情”对立起来,以为只有破除情之蔽,才能恢复“本性清明”,这是“杂于二氏”、“由庄入禅”的谬见,不能作为发展儒家义理的依据。阮元的理学思想颇有独到之处,尽管某些结论可能有一偏之失,但就整体而言,可为义理之学开出一片新天地,是中国理学发展史上的一笔宝贵财富。
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| 关 键 词： | 阮元 仁 性命 训诂 理学 |
| 文章编号： | 1002-0209（2007）03-0079-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-02-21 |
RUAN Yuan's Rationalistic Confucian Philosophy: To Take as the Departure His Interpretation of Ren and Xing-Ming |
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| LI Fan.RUAN Yuan''''s Rationalistic Confucian Philosophy: To Take as the Departure His Interpretation of Ren and Xing-Ming[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Science Edition),2007(3):79-86. |
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| Authors: | LI Fan |
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| Institution: | School of History, BNU, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | RUAN Yuan is representative of Sinology in the middle of Qing Dynasty;but he has brilliant achievements in Rationalistic Confucian Philosophy as well.He sticks to the principle of "seeking reasons by appealing to exegesis",that is,the principle of analyzing senses from the true meanings of texts by exegesis,and makes a series of incisive explication of the kernel categories in the Rationalistic Confucian Philosophy.He interprets Ren(i.e.benevolence) as "persons in two",which is concerned with behavioral practices of benevolence to one other,and criticizes the meditation way of Ren practice by sitting behind one's closed door.As for his interpretation of XingMing(Xing: psychological inclination towards tastes,colors,sounds,smells,and ease;Ming: the inclination towards benevolence,justice,propriety,knowledge and sageness),he believes that "desires arise from Qing(emotions),which are within the domain of Xing",and that "there is no things that are separated from Xing";Xing should not be "eradicated",but only"restricted".The purpose of regulation lies in dealing with disorders.He criticized severely the "Back to Xing" Theory proposed by LI Ao in the Tang Dynasty.He points out that LI's problem results from his opposition between Xing and Qing.He thinks that to recover the essence of Xing by demolishing Qing is a wrong view ever since the transition from Zhuangzi to the Zen Buddhism,and that should not be followed for developing the Confucian philosophy.RUAN's understanding of the Rationalistic Confucianism has its peculiarity, even though some conclusions remain defects.But generally speaking,he explored a new area of the philosophy,which is a precious legacy in the development history of the Chinese Rationalistic Philosophy. |
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| Keywords: | RUAN Yuan Ren Xing-Ming exegesis Rationalistic Confucian Philosophy |
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