Representation of problem-solving procedures: A comparative look at China, Singapore, and US mathematics textbooks |
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| Authors: | Lianghuo Fan and Yan Zhu |
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| Institution: | (1) Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | This study examined how selected school mathematics textbooks in China, Singapore, and USA at the lower secondary grade level
represent problem-solving procedures. The analysis of problem-solving procedures was carried out in two layers – general strategies,
which adopted Pólya’s four-stage problem-solving model, and specific strategies, which consisted of 17 different problem-solving
heuristics such as ‘acting it out,’ ‘looking for a pattern,’ ‘working backwards,’ etc. Both similarities and differences in
the representation of problem-solving procedures in the textbooks across the three countries were revealed and compared. The
possible reasons for the similarities and especially for the differences were explored. Suggestions about how to improve the
representation of problem-solving in mathematics textbooks were provided at the end of the study.
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| Keywords: | Comparative study Mathematical problem-solving Mathematics textbooks Curricular contents Pólya’ s problem-solving model Problem-solving heuristics Textbook analysis Lower-secondary mathematics |
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