| 从外部知识获取到内部创新能力：员工信息素养的调节效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 王宗军,蒋振宇.从外部知识获取到内部创新能力：员工信息素养的调节效应[J].科研管理,2006,41(1):274-284. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王宗军 蒋振宇 |
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| 作者单位： | 华中科技大学管理学院,湖北 武汉430074 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过对257家新兴企业中高层管理者和研发人员的调查数据,本文研究了员工信息素养对外部知识效应的影响,重点分析了员工信息素养对外部知识获取与内部创新能力之间关系的调节效应,并运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）技术探讨了企业规模对员工信息素养的制约效应。结果表明：员工信息素养对技术知识和市场知识的吸收效果均有促进作用;此外,企业规模越大,员工信息素养对技术知识与创新能力之间关系的促进作用越小。本研究结论不仅丰富了员工素养与企业创新等领域的理论空间,同时也为战略性新兴产业企业在开放式创新环境下有效提高员工信息素养、增强外部知识吸收、提升创新能力和创新绩效提供了实践指导。
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| 收稿时间： | 2017-03-21 |
From external knowledge acquisition to internal innovative capacity: the moderating effect of employee information literacy |
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| Wang Zongjun,Jiang Zhenyu.From external knowledge acquisition to internal innovative capacity: the moderating effect of employee information literacy[J].Science Research Management,2006,41(1):274-284. |
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| Authors: | Wang Zongjun Jiang Zhenyu |
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| Institution: | School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China |
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| Abstract: | In the era of knowledge economy, market demand is usually unpredictable, and technological innovation has become a new normal. With the development of open innovation, how to use external knowledge to promote the progress of corporate innovation is attracting more and more scholars′ attention. External knowledge acquisition emphasizes the expansion of the knowledge absorption channels of enterprises through rational allocation of external knowledge sources, and increases firms′ knowledge reserves. Generally, external knowledge mainly includes market knowledge and technical knowledge. Many studies show that external knowledge acquisition has a positive impact on corporate innovative capacity. Unfortunately, few scholars have focused on the impact of human capital factors on the relationship between external knowledge acquisition and innovative capacity. In addition, most of the existing literature introduces basic attribute elements such as firm size and industry category as control variables into the fields of knowledge management and technological innovation. However, in some studies, this may lead to large model errors. In fact, the basic attributes of the enterprise (e.g., firm size, firm age) are likely to have a significant impact on knowledge management, employee creativity and other variables.In order to make up for the above research gaps, this paper builds a conceptual model between external knowledge acquisition, internal innovative capacity and employee information literacy based on theoretical review. More specifically, we explore the direct effect of technical knowledge acquisition and market knowledge acquisition on internal innovative capacity, the moderating effect of employee information literacy on the relationship between external knowledge acquisition and corporate innovative capacity, and creatively analyze the “constrained effect” of firm size on employee information literacy using fuzzy set qualitative comparison analysis (fsQCA). By analyzing the survey data of middle and senior managers and R&D personnel from 257 strategic emerging firms, this paper draws the following conclusions.First, both technical knowledge acquisition and market knowledge acquisition have a significant positive impact on corporate innovative capacity. This finding not only validates the "knowledge externality" theory, but also strengthens the research conclusion that "reasonable use of external knowledge sources can improve innovation performance". Second, employee information literacy hold a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between two kinds of external knowledge acquisition and corporate innovative capacity, which further expands the existing theoretical framework. Third, firm size will restrict the moderating effect of employee information literacy between technological knowledge acquisition and corporate innovative capacity. This finding suggests that scale effects may weaken the impact of individual effects on the organization as a whole. Finally, among the control variables involved in this study, only firm age has a certain degree of negative impact on the corporate innovative capacity. According to the “inert theory”, this is because firm age is closely related to development concept and organizational practices, and both of the two factors may solidify the business activities of the company and are not conducive to the improvement of innovative capacity. It is worth noting that Hypothesis 3b is not confirmed. This may be due to the fact that the processing of market knowledge by enterprises is often the responsibility of senior leaders, and the influence of ordinary employees on market decisions is very limited.In addition, two implicit features can be found from the empirical analysis. First, the positive effect of technological knowledge acquisition on innovative capacity is greater than the positive effect of market knowledge acquisition on innovative capacity. This may be due to the fact that China′s strategic emerging firms are not open to the whole, and many SMEs rely too much on technology imitation and ignore the strategic opportunities brought by market information. Second, the moderating role of employee information literacy in the relationship between technological knowledge acquisition and innovative capacity is more significant. The acquisition of technical knowledge can provide enterprises with sufficient technical reserves and technical sources, which constitutes the raw materials of employees′ creative thinking. Therefore, in strategic emerging industries, employees with high information literacy will have a stronger reaction to technical knowledge.The above conclusions provide some important implications for the knowledge acquisition and innovative practice of emerging enterprises in China. First, strategic emerging firms should correctly grasp the role of external technical knowledge and market knowledge in their effect on technological innovation. For firms with relatively low levels of openness and R&D intensity, such as equipment manufacturing firms and new material firms, they can rely more on improvements in existing technologies to enhance their innovation performance and innovative capacity. For enterprises with relatively high degree of openness and R&D intensity, such as information technology firms and bio-pharmaceutical firms, it is of great significance to properly balance the role of external technical knowledge and market knowledge. While reducing R&D costs through technical imitation, they should use the acquired market information to actively carry out independent innovation and form core competitiveness. Second, because employee information literacy positively moderates the relationship between external knowledge acquisition and innovative capacity, enterprises should strengthen the training and improvement of employees′ information ability and information literacy while attaching importance to technology research and development, and thus enhancing innovative capacity and innovation performance from multiple dimensions. In addition, the government should focus on the all-round promotion of capital, policy and personnel training when supporting strategic emerging industries. It is often unable to receive the expected results by relying solely on financial subsidies or preferential policies. Finally, since firm size will restrict the positive moderating effect of employee information literacy, for larger enterprises, more attention should be paid to human resource management. On the one hand, it is necessary to use various incentives in corporate practice to encourage employees′ creative thinking. On the other hand, managers must strengthen the management and application of corporate culture, enhance the cohesiveness of the organization, and maximize the effectiveness of employee information literacy. For small and medium-sized enterprises, although the inhibition effect of firm size of employee information literacy has not yet been demonstrated, it should also focus on organizational structure design and staffing, because any departmental redundancy may lead to partial constraint effect. |
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