| 组织调节定向、网络位置与创新搜寻 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙永磊,宋晶,陈劲.组织调节定向、网络位置与创新搜寻[J].科研管理,2006,40(12):192-201. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙永磊 宋晶 陈劲 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.北京化工大学经济管理学院，北京100029；;
2.清华大学技术创新研究中心，北京100084；;
3.清华大学经济管理学院，北京100084 |
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| 摘 要： | 主要研究调节定向对不同类型的创新搜寻的影响，并探索网络位置的中介作用。在理论分析的基础上，构建研究的理论模型，并提出研究假设，使用我国企业创新实践数据进行实证分析检验。结果显示，预防定向对辅助型创新搜寻具有正向影响，促进定向与辅助型创新搜寻之间存在倒U型关系；仅促进定向对互补型创新搜寻具有正向驱动作用；网络中心性对两种创新搜寻均具有正向影响；而网络结构洞仅与互补型创新搜寻间的正向关系得到验证；在调节定向与创新搜寻之间，网络位置还充当了重要的中介作用。研究结论有助于辅助企业创新决策，增强创新管理的理论研究对企业创新实践的引领，对企业从更深层次上把握合作创新行为、提升创新能力以及获取持续竞争优势具有重要意义。
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| 收稿时间： | 2016-12-01 |
Organization regulatory orientation,network position and innovation search |
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| Sun Yonglei,Song Jing,Chen Jin.Organization regulatory orientation,network position and innovation search[J].Science Research Management,2006,40(12):192-201. |
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| Authors: | Sun Yonglei Song Jing Chen Jin |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
2. Research Center for Technology Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. School of Economics Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | Many innovative firms have changed the way they search for new ideas, adopting open search strategies that involve the use of a wide range of external actors and sources to help them achieve and sustain innovation. Firm have to face up to a key problem when they shift to the open innovation model: how to get innovation resources from external network. Scholars have explicitly argued that innovation search is the first step of the innovation activities, and it can help the firm to enhance the innovation capability and performance. However, previous persistence studies have mostly focused on the function of innovation search, the achievement in antecedent variables of innovation search is very poor, unable to provide theoretical guidance for the firm innovation search. This paper constructs a research framework that mainly discusses the impact of regulatory orientation and network position on innovation search. Base on the resource-based view, innovation search can be divided into supplementary innovation search and complementary innovation search. Meanwhile, this research aims to explore the impact of regulatory orientation on innovation search, analysis the mediating role of network position, and empirical studies have also been conducted to uncover the interaction mechanism between these variables.On the basis of the related literature, we construct theoretical model based on theoretical analysis and propose hypotheses. The survey was based on the industry which product renewal fast, market competitive intensity and cooperative R&D frequent, such as Pharmaceutical and Biotech industry, Electronics and Information technology industry. We collected our data in the Xi’an Hi-tech industries development zone in Shaanxi Province, one of the largest technology clusters in China. With the help of Xi’an Hi-tech industries development zone administrative commission, we randomly select 500 firms in the business directory which belong to these selected industries, and the samples have implemented a product or process innovation within the last three years. We received 325 responses, of which 251 (77.2%) were valid. All valid questionnaires were completed by the director of technology or innovation in the responding company, the interviewee was told about the objectives and procedures of the survey, and anonymity and confidentiality were assured. Among the interviewees, 74.5 percent of them were male, 48.6 percent of them were 30-50 years old, and 62.5 percent of them worked in this firm more than 3 years. We used multiple regression to test the hypothesis with the help of SPSS 22.0 after confirmatory factor analysis.The results show that: the prevention focus are beneficial to the promotion of supplementary innovation search, prevention focus is a risk-averse orientation, fulfills cooperation task and avoids making mistake, and it tends to make the organization preserve status quo. There was an inverted-U shape relationship between promotion focus and supplementary innovation search. Promotion focus concerns with gains, ideals, and accomplishments, and it is driven by a need for innovation and creativity. Although organizations with a promotion focus would complete the assigned task that gathers and obtains the supplementary resources, they would dedicate most of their time and energy to exploring and trying something new. Network centrality has significant positive influence on both supplementary innovation search and complementary innovation search. The central organization, with high network prominence, would be more visibility and attractiveness that enhances the first-mover advantage, and understand the general rule of network operation more deeply. Hence, the central organization can obtain the network resources quickly and accurately, both supplementary innovation search and complementary innovation search. Contrary to the expectation, there was insignificant relationship between structural holes and supplementary innovation search (Hypothesis 4a), and it may be the following three aspects. Previous research mostly described structural holes positive effects, ignored the dark side of structural holes that the individualistic, frictions and conflicts, manipulative and power-oriented behaviors between network members, and it may produce worse results of innovation search. Structural holes organization considers the dissemination of information and knowledge to be a big source of revenue, and so it is, most attention is focused on the complementary resources rather than supplementary knowledge and technology. We open a fresh window on the distinction between supplementary innovation search and complementary innovation search, and then definitely understand the essential resources in different stages of innovation.Our findings suggest that the firm would choose prevention focus when they want to improve efficiency and reduce costs, and should be aware of the important value of long-term and stable cooperative partners. Our findings also suggest that government, according to the different firm characteristics, should set different policies in order to provide for support, guidance and management. For examples, policymakers should stimulate the central position firm to pursue the cutting-edge technology and explore new fields, encourage them to get rid of the limitation of local network, and promote the progress of science and technology of the whole network. With regard to“gazelle firms”, policymakers should emphasize the importance of knowledge transformation and application, change the technology advantages to market advantages and economic benefits quickly and efficiently. |
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