| 齐美尔连接、知识密度与企业颠覆性技术创新 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐建中,李奉书,黄婧涵.齐美尔连接、知识密度与企业颠覆性技术创新[J].科研管理,2006,41(1):79-89. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐建中 李奉书 黄婧涵 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.哈尔滨工程大学经济管理学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨150001；
2.对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院，北京100029 |
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| 摘 要： | 互联网商业模式下，颠覆性技术创新对高科技企业的发展至关重要，相关的理论研究对于实践具有很强的指导意义。本文构建以齐美尔连接为自变量、颠覆性技术创新为因变量、知识密度为中介变量、感知的知识所有权（感知的知识组织所有权、感知的知识个人所有权）为调节变量的分析框架，实证探究齐美尔连接对企业颠覆性技术创新的影响。研究发现：齐美尔连接对企业颠覆性技术创新产生正向影响；知识密度在齐美尔连接与颠覆性技术创新之间起到部分中介作用；感知的知识组织所有权在齐美尔连接与颠覆性技术创新的关系中起正向调节作用；感知的知识个人所有权在齐美尔连接与知识密度的关系起负向调节作用。
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| 收稿时间： | 2017-10-13 |
Impacts of Simmelian ties and knowledge density
on disruptive technological innovation |
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| Xu Jianzhong,Li Fengshu,Huang Jinghan.Impacts of Simmelian ties and knowledge density
on disruptive technological innovation[J].Science Research Management,2006,41(1):79-89. |
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| Authors: | Xu Jianzhong Li Fengshu Huang Jinghan |
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| Abstract: | In the current business world, technological innovation become one of the key influencing factors that determines the future production，competition and development of the enterprise. Under the trend of the new round of scientific technological revolution, science, technology, and engineering are tend to infiltrate into each other. As a result, disruptive technological innovation gradually receives more attention from enterprises. Disruptive technological innovation refers to the integration of existing technologies and new approach to make a fundamental breakthrough in the entire technology system. This will create greater industrial development space, higher social benefits, and has a more massive effect on market competition. According to the survey report on the growth and development of Chinese entrepreneurs in 2018, “most companies′ innovation models are incremental rather than disruptive” is one of the main Chinese business innovation characteristics. It can be seen that lack of disruptive technological innovation has become the bottleneck for most of the Chinese companies. Therefore, Chinese enterprises should actively explore disruptive technologies, generate mechanism of disruptive technologies, and establish a friendly external environment for disruptive technological innovation. In the initial stage of technological innovation, most of companies get used to focus on self-independent development. Gradually, they inclined to cooperate with external organizations to carry out innovative activities. In the nowadays, it has trend to establish alliance relationships to promote disruptive technological innovation among business world. The synergistic effects produced by cooperative innovation and alliance innovation will help enterprises to obtain more external heterogeneous knowledge and resources compared to independent innovation. So the innovation alliance is one of the important ways for enterprises to obtain innovation resources and knowledge across organizational boundaries. And disruptive innovation emphasizes that companies must actively seek external information resources to reintegrate the innovation paradigm and enhance their competitive advantage.Existing research has paid great attention to the study on the relationship between cooperation and disruptive technological innovation. In a strong connected relationship, which two parties have the equal power, the disruptive technological innovation will be hindered when faced with a conflict, either party can force the other party to make concessions through unequal negotiation and termination of cooperation. However, in the weak connected relationship driven from strategic alliances.Commonly existed opportunistic behavior will reduce the level of knowledge sharing among members, and easily weaken the company′s disruptive technological innovation capabilities. Therefore, choosing the correct form of innovation cooperation is very important for disruptive technological innovation in enterprises. As a new topic of alliance innovation network theory,Simmelian ties is highly valued by academia and practice. This form of cooperation is a special three-party alliance relationship which combined the advantages of ambidextrous strong connection and multiple weak connection. Simmelian ties triangular relationship structure enables the highest trust cooperation and knowledge sharing among enterprises, which in turn promotes enterprise technology innovation. Zhang et al. (2012) pointed out that Simmelian ties is better solved the contradiction between the sharing and integration of external knowledge. Simmelian ties is conducive to the establishment of a high-frequency, continuous and stable cooperative relationship, then the high trust among members facilitates the interaction and sharing of new information, innovative knowledge and other resources. In view of this, this paper based on the theory of innovation alliance, considering more contingency or mediate factors to explore the relationship between Simmelian ties and disruptive technological innovation of enterprise. According to the perspective of knowledge management, resource integration in innovation alliance plays an important role in deepening existing knowledge and improving existing technology of alliance partners, which reflected in the strength of corporate knowledge density. Knowledge density reflects the extent to which an enterprise creates, accumulates, and applies knowledge. It is the core element for enterprise in Simmelian ties to implement disruptive technological innovation. At the same time, the research on innovation management theory and knowledge management theory cannot evade the problem of knowledge ownership. Knowledge ownership perceived by alliance members has an impact on knowledge sharing. Therefore, unlike previous research, this paper constructed the analysis framework by Simmelian ties as independent variable, disruptive technological innovation as the dependent variable, knowledge density as mediate variable, perceived ownership of knowledge(perceived organizational ownership of knowledge, perceived self-ownership of knowledge) as moderating variables, to explore the impact of Simmelian ties on disruptive technological innovation of enterprises. This paper focuses on high-tech enterprises in the three northeastern provinces of China, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations and Pearl River Delta. Through the design of the research questionnaire to obtain 589 data and empirical research. The results show that Simmelian ties has a positive effect on disruptive technological innovation. This indicates that Simmelian ties avoids the risk of cooperation interruption in ambidextrous connection and opportunistic behavior in multi-alliance relationship, and then significantly promotes the disruptive technological innovation of enterprises. Knowledge density plays a partial mediating role between Simmelian ties and disruptive technological innovation. The reason for this is that Simmelian ties enhances the positive response of members to the partner′s knowledge seeking and promotes the increase of knowledge density. What′s more, the knowledge density is the embodiment of the company′s exclusive knowledge accumulation and knowledge integration capabilities, which further promotes disruptive technological innovation. Finally, perceived organizational ownership of knowledge plays a positive moderating effect on the relationship between Simmelian ties and disruptive innovation of technology; perceived self-ownership of knowledge plays the negative moderating role in the relationship between the Simmelian ties and knowledge density.This research has three inspirations: First, during the period of disruptive technological innovation, enterprises should attach importance to the establishment of alliance relationships and the selection of partners.Simmelian ties in tripartite form belongs to Small World Alliance innovation network relationship, and members of the organization have high awareness of the alliance. Therefore, enterprises should make good use of the Simmelian ties in the innovation alliance to achieve strategic technological catch-up. Second, the essence of innovation management is the innovation and application of knowledge, enterprises should broaden the knowledge search channels and increase the knowledge density to enhance the unique competitive advantage. Third, faced the different perceptions of knowledge ownership among members of the Simmelian ties, the enterprises in the cooperative relationship should strengthen the balance between organizational ownership of knowledge and perceived self-ownership of knowledge, ensure the fluency of knowledge sharing during the implementation of disruptive technology innovations. Even so, this research also has several limitations that should be further studied. First, the data in this study is cross-section data, as the relationship among different variables and their intensity might change a long time, future research may try to use longitudinal tracking data. Second, we choose knowledge density and perceived ownership of knowledge as underlying mechanism and boundary condition. More organizational behavior variables, such as psychological safety climate, knowledge hiding behavior, knowledge sharing intentions, are suggested to be included in future studies for their impact on disruptive technological innovation. |
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