| 铁线莲属威灵仙组修订 |
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| 引用本文： | 王文采.铁线莲属威灵仙组修订[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2003,41(1):1-62. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王文采 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室 北京 100093 |
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| 摘 要： | 对铁线莲属铁线莲亚属 Clematis subgen. Clematis 中的欧洲铁线莲 C. vitalba L.演化干的原始群威灵仙组sect. Clematis 进行了全面修订，确定此组共含有73种和45变种。写出了威灵仙组的分类学简史及地理分布；对威灵仙组中各亚组的亲缘和主要区别特征以及铁线莲亚属欧洲铁线莲演化干中各群的亲缘关系进行了讨论。将威灵仙组分为5个亚组，写出了分亚组检索表和各亚组的分种检索表，以及各种植物的形态描述、地理分布、生长环境等，并附有多幅插图。在5亚组中，欧洲铁线莲亚组(钝萼铁线莲亚组) subsect. Clematis 为此组的原始群，其主要特征：藤本；小叶通常草质或纸质，通常边缘具齿，有时全缘；萼片4，外面的毛长1 mm以下；花药长圆形、椭圆形或狭长圆形，稀条形，药隔顶端不突起，稀稍突起。此亚组的瘦果两侧扁压，但多数不扁平，不具边缘，只在短毛铁线莲 C. puberula Hook. f. & Thoms.强烈扁压，扁平，周围具宽边缘。在铁线莲属中，除短毛铁线莲外，特产朝鲜的 C. brachyura Maxim. (sect. Pterocarpa Tamura)也具有近似这种进化类型的瘦果。铁线莲组的其他4个亚组各含有较进化的特征，可能均自欧洲铁线莲亚组演化而出：单种的厚叶铁线莲亚组subsect. Crassifoliae (Tamura) Tamura为藤本；小叶革质，全缘，很像威灵仙亚组的小叶；雄蕊花丝皱缩，花药宽长圆形或长圆形。单种的长毛铁线莲亚组subsect. Baominianae (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang为藤本；小叶纸质，具齿；花大，具6枚萼片；萼片外面的毛长1.6-3 mm; 花药长圆形。棉团铁线莲亚组subsect. Angustifoliae 的主要特征：茎直立；花常具5-6枚萼片。威灵仙亚组subsect. Rectae Prantl的主要特征：藤本，稀茎直立；小叶常革质，全缘，稀具齿；萼片通常4枚，稀较多，外面的毛长在1 mm以下；花药条形，有时狭长圆形，药隔顶端常突起。此亚组的威灵仙系ser. Rectae Prantl具有进化类型的瘦果，其瘦果强烈扁压，扁平，有膨胀的框状边缘。主要分类学处理为：(1)披针叶铁线莲 C. lancifolia Bur. & Franch.、准噶尔铁线莲 C. songarica Bunge、 C. ispahanica Boiss.、银叶铁线莲 C. delavayi Franch.和 C. phlebantha Williams 5种过去被Tamura和其他学者与灌木铁线莲 C. fruticosa Turcz.等同置于灌木铁线莲组sect. Fruticella Tamura中，但这5种的花构造(萼片水平方向开展，白色，边缘不展宽；花丝条形或狭条形)与灌木铁线莲(萼片斜上方开展，黄色，在花开放后边缘展宽成狭翅；花丝较宽，条状披针形)不同，而与棉团铁线莲 C. hexapetala Pall.的花构造相似。据此，本修订将此5种从灌木铁线莲组移到威灵仙组的棉团铁线莲亚组subsect. Angustifoliae Tamura中。(2)在欧洲铁线莲群 C. vitalba group与威灵仙群C. flammula group之间有不少过渡类型，因此，这两个群不易区分。根据这种情况，本修订将这两个群作为亚组处理，同置于威灵仙组sect. Clematis 中，而未采用Tamura和Grey_Wilson将这两个群分别置于两个亚属中，以及Johnson将这两个群分别置于两个组中的分类学处理。描述了2新系、6新种和1新变种；建立了5个新等级。
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| 关 键 词： | 铁线莲属 威灵仙组 分类学修订 |
A revision of Clematis sect. Clematis(Ranunculaceae) |
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| WANG Wen-Tsai.A revision of Clematis sect. Clematis(Ranunculaceae)[J].Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003,41(1):1-62. |
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| Authors: | WANG Wen-Tsai |
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| Abstract: | Clematis sect. Clematis is revised in this paper. Seventy-three species and 45 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and illustrated in some cases, and are classified into five subsections. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, and the relationships of its subsections and with its close allies of the C. vitalba evolutionary stock of the subgenus Clematis are discussed. Main taxonomic changes are made as follows: (1) C. lancifolia Bur. & Franch., C. songarica Bunge, C. ispahanica Boiss., C. delavayi Franch. and C. phlebantha Williams, which have been previously regarded to be close to C. fruticosa Turcz. and its allies, and placed in sect. Fruticella Tamura by Tamura and some other authors, are here transferred to subsect. Angustifoliae Tamura according to the floral structure. (2) The existence of intermediate forms between the C. vitalba group and the C. flammula group indicates
that these two groups are closely related to each other and should not be treated as two sections or even two subgenera. They are treated as two subsections within sect. Clematis . Two series, six species, and one variety are described as new, and five new ranks are made. |
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| Keywords: | Clematis sect Clematis taxonomic revision |
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