Characteristics of child physical and sexual abuse as predictors of psychopathology |
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| Institution: | 1. VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA;2. Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;1. Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N Washington St., Suite 531, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA;2. Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA;3. College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China;4. School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA;5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada;6. Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA;1. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA;2. University of Washington, Seattle;3. Boston College, Boston;4. National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD;5. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill;1. School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, McGuinn Hall, Room 207, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA;2. Center for Healthy Aging, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 422 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA;1. KK Women''s and Children''s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore;2. MOH Holdings Pte Ltd, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore, 099253, Singapore;3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore;4. National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | Childhood physical and sexual abuse victims are at increased risk for developing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Prior findings suggest abuse onset, duration, and severity moderate relationships between victimization and psychopathology. However, because these abuse characteristics are highly intercorrelated, their unique, individual effects on mental health outcomes remain unclear. To address this gap, the present study examined relationships between physical and sexual abuse characteristics and mental health outcomes and whether these relationships differed by sex. A diverse community sample of late adolescents and emerging adults (N = 1270; mean age = 19.68; 51% female) self-reported the onset, duration, and severity of physical and sexual abuse, as well as their depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Results of a multivariate regression model (simultaneously evaluating all physical and sexual abuse characteristics) indicated that physical abuse onset in middle childhood and sexual abuse onset in middle childhood or adolescence were associated with all forms of psychopathology; and physical abuse onset at any time was uniquely linked with PTSD. Duration and severity of physical or sexual abuse did not predict psychopathology after accounting for time of onset. Multigroup analyses indicated that adolescence-onset and duration of sexual abuse respectively predicted anxiety and PTSD in females but not males, whereas sexual abuse severity predicted fewer PTSD symptoms in males but not females. Overall, results suggested that abuse occurring after age 5 may have the most deleterious impact on mental health. |
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| Keywords: | Physical abuse Sexual abuse Abuse characteristics Psychopathology |
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