Developmental effects of childhood household adversity,transitions, and relationship quality on adult outcomes of socioeconomic status: Effects of substantiated child maltreatment |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for the Improvement of Child and Family Studies, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-07541, United States;2. Brazelton Touchpoints Center — BCH3111, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children''s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1295 Boylston, Suite 320, Boston, MA 02215, United States;3. College of Education and Human Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, United States;4. Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F-63, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States |
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| Abstract: | The degree to which child maltreatment interacts with other household adversities to exacerbate risk for poor adult socioeconomic outcomes is uncertain. Moreover, the effects of residential, school, and caregiver transitions during childhood on adult outcomes are not well understood. This study examined the relation between household adversity and transitions in childhood with adult income problems, education, and unemployment in individuals with or without a childhood maltreatment history. The potential protective role of positive relationship quality in buffering these risk relationships was also tested. Data were from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study (n = 457), where subjects were assessed at preschool, elementary, adolescent, and adult ages. Multiple group path analysis tested the relationships between childhood household adversity; residential, school, and caregiver transitions; and adult socioeconomic outcomes for each group. Caregiver relationship quality was included as a moderator, and gender as a covariate. Household adversity was negatively associated with education level and positively associated with income problems for non-maltreated children only. For both groups, residential transitions was negatively associated with education level and caregiver transitions was positively associated with unemployment problems. Relationship quality was positively associated with education level only for non-maltreated children. For children who did not experience maltreatment, reducing exposure to household adversity is an important goal for prevention. Reducing exposure to child maltreatment for all children remains an important public health priority. Results underscore the need for programs and policies that promote stable relationships and environments. |
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| Keywords: | Child maltreatment Demographic transition Residential mobility Parent child relationship Socioeconomic status Longitudinal study |
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