Effects of childhood multiple maltreatment experiences on depression of socioeconomic disadvantaged elderly in Brazil |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia – IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, Brazil;2. Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l''Age Avance – SUPAA, University of Lausanne – UNIL, Switzerland;3. Núcleo Específico de Formação em Psiquiatria, Escola de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;4. Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Brazil;1. Center of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland;2. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;4. Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden;5. University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK;6. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d''Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France;7. IHU-A-ICM—Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France;8. AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France;1. School of Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China;2. College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;3. Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;4. School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA;1. Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le C. Pepoli 5, 40123 Bologna, Italy;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Metabolism and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy;1. Dalhousie University Department of Psychiatry, Halifax, NS, Canada;2. Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada;3. University Hospitals of Geneva, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Service of Psychiatric Specialties, Geneva, Switzerland;4. University of Geneva, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for depression in nonelderly individuals. We investigated the effect of childhood abuse and neglect on the development of geriatric depression and its severity in socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. A cross-sectional study investigated 449 individuals aged 60–103 years sorted by data using the enrollment list health coverage from the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The fifteen-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depression. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to identify emotional and physical neglect, in addition to emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Geriatric depression was associated with emotional and physical abuse and neglect. Emotional abuse and neglect, as well as physical abuse, increased the odds of an individual developing severe depression. Correlations were observed for combined forms of maltreatment, with two to five maltreatment types producing mild to moderate symptoms. Similar trends were observed for severe symptoms in a limited number of cases. The cross-sectional design limit causal inference. Retrospective measurement of childhood maltreatment may increase recall and response bias. Late-life depression and its severity significantly correlated with the extent of childhood emotional and physical abuse and neglect. Thus, research should focus on supporting trauma survivors late in life, particularly when they come from low or middle income countries because these patients have higher rates of depression in elderly populations. |
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| Keywords: | Childhood trauma Child abuse Maltreatment Depression Aged Elderly |
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