Protective factors associated with resilient functioning in young adulthood after childhood exposure to violence |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Memphis, USA;2. University of Notre Dame, USA;1. Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, Master on Community Psychology and Child Protection, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal;2. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal;3. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), BRU-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal;1. Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, New York, NY 11367, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;3. New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA;4. City University of New York, City College, New York, NY 10031, USA;1. North Central College, USA;2. University of North Florida, USA;3. University of Illinois at Chicago, USA;1. Division of Mental Health & Neurosciences, St. John’s Research Institute, Koramangala 100 Ft Road, Bangalore 560034, India;2. Department of Psychiatry, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore 560034, India;3. Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, St. John’s Research Institute, Koramangala 100 Ft Road, Bangalore 560034, India;1. Dept of psychology, Skidmore College, 815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs NY, 12866;2. Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, 815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs NY 12866 |
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| Abstract: | Children may be subjected to many forms of violence and a significant number will experience multiple victimizations. These children are at high risk for developing psychological and emotional difficulties that may last into adulthood. Despite the increased risk for psychopathology, a substantial percentage of young adults exhibit resilient functioning following a history of childhood violence. This study examines the role of social support, spirituality, and emotional intelligence in promoting resilience during emerging adulthood. Participants included 321 young adult American college students, age 18–24, who experienced childhood violence, including community violence, interpersonal aggression, child maltreatment, peer/sibling victimization, and/or sexual assault. Findings revealed that this sample was highly victimized, with an average of 9 violent experiences reported during childhood. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that after controlling for exposure to childhood victimization, other potentially traumatic events, and current depression and anxiety symptoms, higher resilience during emerging adulthood was associated with greater spirituality, greater emotional intelligence, and support from friends (but not from family). Findings suggest that the potency of protective factors outweighs that of adversity and psychopathology when predicting resilient functioning. By identifying variables that can enhance resilience, this study offers unique insight into how functioning may be improved by both individual and environmental factors. |
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| Keywords: | Violence exposure Childhood maltreatment Victimization Resilience Emerging adulthood |
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