Democratic transition and transparency reform: An fsQCA analysis of access to information laws in twenty-three countries |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany/SUNY, 187 Wolf Road, Suite 301, Albany, NY 12205, United States;2. eGovernance Center, Monitoring & Research Department, ITMO University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Birzhevaya line 14. of. 333, Russian Federation;3. Laboratory of Information Science and Semantic Technologies, ITMO University, 197101, St. Petersburg, Kronverksky pr. 49, Russian Federation;1. Department of Communication, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA;2. Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA;3. Department of Economics, University of Muhammadiyah at Malang, Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246, Malang 65112, Indonesia;1. Department of Information Technology Studies, University of Professional Studies, Accra LG 149, Ghana;2. Department of Information Science, University of South Africa, UNISA, 0003, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | The connection between democracy and transparency would appear to be strong. Democratic countries have been among the earliest adopters of new legislation in transparency reforms such as access to information (ATI) laws. However, research has not yet tested the connection in the context of democratic reform where transitioning countries have the option to adopt ATI laws, and yet may, nevertheless, neglect or delay passage of such laws. To address this question, this paper uses Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) with 23 countries that are in democratic transition in the fourth wave of democratic transition in the 21st century. The results show that low political competition in conjunction with strong civil society, regional pressure and recognition of international norms is favourable to ATI adoption. In contrast, the non-ATI adopters have encountered high political competition coupled with low regional pressure, weak international norms, and weak press freedoms. |
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