| 冬季两项运动员的生物学特征和竞赛、训练特征研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 周文婷.冬季两项运动员的生物学特征和竞赛、训练特征研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2022(1). |
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| 作者姓名： | 周文婷 |
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| 作者单位： | 遵义师范学院体育学院 |
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| 摘 要： | 理论研究薄弱是我国开展雪上项目的主要掣肘因素,也制约了我国对2022北京冬奥会的备战。本研究从运动员生物学特征、比赛技术及训练角度分析了冬季两项的项目特征,认为形态学的主要特征为身体强壮、体脂率低,运动员在滑行和射击中的主要生理指标特征分别为较高的HR、VO2max、乳酸阈值与机体总工作效率,及良好的身体感知与自我调节能力,运动损伤特征为日常训练多发,女性与7年以上运动员多发,下背部与膝部多发。技术特征方面,滑行中自由滑行技术的G2和G3分技术对成绩影响最大,ML站姿更利于射击中维持身体稳定性,而肩上夹紧枪托及较轻的双手持枪力度更利于持枪稳定性和射击准度。年度体能训练以LIT为主,MIT与HIT比例较低;陆地体能训练中滚轮滑雪比例最高,辅以较高比例蹬车训练,雪上训练以自由滑行G2、G3分技术练习为主;力量训练中,男运动员侧重均衡的上、下肢练习,女运动员侧重上肢力量训练;射击训练多采取分组竞争、模拟比赛的方式进行,并注重训练大风天气下的适应力。
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| 关 键 词： | 冬季两项 运动员 生物学 比赛技术 训练 |
Characteristics in Athlete Biology,Competition Skills and Training of Biathlon Players |
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| ZHOU Wenting.Characteristics in Athlete Biology,Competition Skills and Training of Biathlon Players[J].Journal of Tianjin Institute of Physical Education,2022(1). |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Wenting |
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| Institution: | (School of PE,Zunyi Normal College,Zunyi 563006,China) |
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| Abstract: | In China,theoretical research is the major weakness that limited the development of the snowy events and therefore influent China's preparation for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.This paper analyzed the characteristic of biathlon from the perspective of athletes biology,competition skills and train?ing.The results showed that elite biathletes are strong and lower body-fat rated,and a high RT,VO2max,lactate threshold,and gross efficiency are the main characteristic measurements for the successful biathletes in skiing race,while good body perception,as well as self-regulation,are essential for shooting per?formance.Injuries occurred mostly in training process,occurred in female and the biathlete who participates in biathlon for 7 or more years,as well as in low back and knee parts.The sub techniques of skating skiing technique,i.e.Gear 2 and Gear 3,are the most important factors for the skiing performance and ML direction is the best position for the body stability in standing shooting.Fixing the butt plate of the rifle tightly against the shoulder and holding the rifle lightly are better for the rifle stability,as well as for the shooting performance.LIT took a large proportion during the annual training period,while MIT and HIT were low.In land training,biathlete applies high percentage of roller skiing along with relative percentage of cycling training,while on snow field,biath?lete applies training on sub techniques G2 and G3 more frequently.In strength training,male athlete focuses on balanced upper and lower body training,while female focuses on the training of the upper body.Shooting training under conditions that simulating competitive shooting or under windy conditions was especially applied to enhance the adaptability of athletes. |
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| Keywords: | biathlon athlete biology gameskill training |
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